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In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors
The antibacterial efficacy of a copper–silver alloy coating under conditions resembling build up of dry surface bacterial biofilms is successfully demonstrated according to US EPA test methods with a ≥99.9% reduction of test organisms over a 24 h period. A tailor‐made confocal imaging protocol is de...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6827527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31692989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900044 |
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author | Ciacotich, Nicole Kragh, Kasper Nørskov Lichtenberg, Mads Tesdorpf, Jens Edward Bjarnsholt, Thomas Gram, Lone |
author_facet | Ciacotich, Nicole Kragh, Kasper Nørskov Lichtenberg, Mads Tesdorpf, Jens Edward Bjarnsholt, Thomas Gram, Lone |
author_sort | Ciacotich, Nicole |
collection | PubMed |
description | The antibacterial efficacy of a copper–silver alloy coating under conditions resembling build up of dry surface bacterial biofilms is successfully demonstrated according to US EPA test methods with a ≥99.9% reduction of test organisms over a 24 h period. A tailor‐made confocal imaging protocol is designed to visualize in situ the killing of bacterial biofilms at the copper–silver alloy surface and monitor the kinetics for 100 min. The copper–silver alloy coating eradicates a biofilm of Gram‐positive bacteria within 5 min while a biofilm of Gram‐negative bacteria are killed more slowly. In situ pH monitoring indicates a 2‐log units increase at the interface between the metallic surface and bacterial biofilm; however, the viability of the bacteria is not directly affected by this raise (pH 8.0–9.5) when tested in buffer. The OH(−) production, as a result of the interaction between the electrochemically active surface and the bacterial biofilm under environmental conditions, is thus one aspect of the contact‐mediated killing of the copper–silver alloy coating and not the direct cause of the observed antibacterial efficacy. The combination of oxidation of bacterial cells, release of copper ions, and local pH raise characterizes the antibacterial activity of the copper–silver alloy‐coated dry surface. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6827527 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68275272019-11-05 In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors Ciacotich, Nicole Kragh, Kasper Nørskov Lichtenberg, Mads Tesdorpf, Jens Edward Bjarnsholt, Thomas Gram, Lone Glob Chall Full Papers The antibacterial efficacy of a copper–silver alloy coating under conditions resembling build up of dry surface bacterial biofilms is successfully demonstrated according to US EPA test methods with a ≥99.9% reduction of test organisms over a 24 h period. A tailor‐made confocal imaging protocol is designed to visualize in situ the killing of bacterial biofilms at the copper–silver alloy surface and monitor the kinetics for 100 min. The copper–silver alloy coating eradicates a biofilm of Gram‐positive bacteria within 5 min while a biofilm of Gram‐negative bacteria are killed more slowly. In situ pH monitoring indicates a 2‐log units increase at the interface between the metallic surface and bacterial biofilm; however, the viability of the bacteria is not directly affected by this raise (pH 8.0–9.5) when tested in buffer. The OH(−) production, as a result of the interaction between the electrochemically active surface and the bacterial biofilm under environmental conditions, is thus one aspect of the contact‐mediated killing of the copper–silver alloy coating and not the direct cause of the observed antibacterial efficacy. The combination of oxidation of bacterial cells, release of copper ions, and local pH raise characterizes the antibacterial activity of the copper–silver alloy‐coated dry surface. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6827527/ /pubmed/31692989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900044 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Full Papers Ciacotich, Nicole Kragh, Kasper Nørskov Lichtenberg, Mads Tesdorpf, Jens Edward Bjarnsholt, Thomas Gram, Lone In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors |
title | In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors |
title_full | In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors |
title_fullStr | In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors |
title_full_unstemmed | In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors |
title_short | In Situ Monitoring of the Antibacterial Activity of a Copper–Silver Alloy Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and pH Microsensors |
title_sort | in situ monitoring of the antibacterial activity of a copper–silver alloy using confocal laser scanning microscopy and ph microsensors |
topic | Full Papers |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6827527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31692989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900044 |
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