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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link

In recent years, the incidence of both liver and biliary tract cancer has increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common types of hepatic malignancies. Whereas HCC is the fifth most common malignant tumor in Western countries, the prevalence of CCA has...

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Autores principales: Chen, Chaobo, Nelson, Leonard J., Ávila, Matías A., Cubero, Francisco Javier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101172
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author Chen, Chaobo
Nelson, Leonard J.
Ávila, Matías A.
Cubero, Francisco Javier
author_facet Chen, Chaobo
Nelson, Leonard J.
Ávila, Matías A.
Cubero, Francisco Javier
author_sort Chen, Chaobo
collection PubMed
description In recent years, the incidence of both liver and biliary tract cancer has increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common types of hepatic malignancies. Whereas HCC is the fifth most common malignant tumor in Western countries, the prevalence of CCA has taken an alarming increase from 0.3 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 people. The lack of specific biomarkers makes diagnosis very difficult in the early stages of this fatal cancer. Thus, the prognosis of CCA is dismal and surgery is the only effective treatment, whilst recurrence after resection is common. Even though chemotherapy and radiotherapy may prolong survival in patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is still very low—a significant global problem in clinical diagnosis and therapy. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in signal transduction by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses including inflammatory response, stress response, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the MAPK cascade involves key signaling components and phosphorylation events that play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of MAPK, current therapeutic options, and the current situation of MAPK-targeted therapies in CCA.
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spelling pubmed-68293852019-11-18 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link Chen, Chaobo Nelson, Leonard J. Ávila, Matías A. Cubero, Francisco Javier Cells Review In recent years, the incidence of both liver and biliary tract cancer has increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common types of hepatic malignancies. Whereas HCC is the fifth most common malignant tumor in Western countries, the prevalence of CCA has taken an alarming increase from 0.3 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 people. The lack of specific biomarkers makes diagnosis very difficult in the early stages of this fatal cancer. Thus, the prognosis of CCA is dismal and surgery is the only effective treatment, whilst recurrence after resection is common. Even though chemotherapy and radiotherapy may prolong survival in patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is still very low—a significant global problem in clinical diagnosis and therapy. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in signal transduction by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses including inflammatory response, stress response, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the MAPK cascade involves key signaling components and phosphorylation events that play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of MAPK, current therapeutic options, and the current situation of MAPK-targeted therapies in CCA. MDPI 2019-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6829385/ /pubmed/31569444 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101172 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chen, Chaobo
Nelson, Leonard J.
Ávila, Matías A.
Cubero, Francisco Javier
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link
title Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link
title_full Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link
title_fullStr Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link
title_full_unstemmed Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link
title_short Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link
title_sort mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) and cholangiocarcinoma: the missing link
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101172
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