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Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism
Spherical CoCO(3) powder with a small particle size and high density was successfully prepared using a continuous carbonate liquid precipitation method with a raw material of cobalt chloride solution, a precipitant of NH(4)HCO(3), and without a template. The effects of the concentration of ammonium...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829396/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31627320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203394 |
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author | Guo, Miaomiao Xi, Xiaoli Li, Sen Li, Chenwei Nie, Zuoren Xu, Kaihua |
author_facet | Guo, Miaomiao Xi, Xiaoli Li, Sen Li, Chenwei Nie, Zuoren Xu, Kaihua |
author_sort | Guo, Miaomiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spherical CoCO(3) powder with a small particle size and high density was successfully prepared using a continuous carbonate liquid precipitation method with a raw material of cobalt chloride solution, a precipitant of NH(4)HCO(3), and without a template. The effects of the concentration of ammonium carbonate, process pH, and feeding rate on the tap density and apparent density of cobalt carbonate were investigated. It was found that the apparent and tap density values of 4.4 µm of cobalt carbonate were 1.27 g/cm(3) and 1.86 g/cm(3), respectively, when the initial concentration of NH(4)HCO(3) solution was 60 g/L, the pH was 7.15–7.20, and the feeding rate of cobalt chloride was 2 L/h. The anisotropic growth process of the crystal lattice plane of CoCO(3) under the aforementioned optimal conditions were studied. The results demonstrated that the crystal grew fastest along the (110) facet orientation, which was the dominant growth surface, determining the final morphology of the primary particles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results demonstrated that the primary particle morphology of the cobalt carbonate was a nanosheet. The unit cell of cobalt carbonate, of a hexagonal structure in the horizontal direction, grew horizontally along the (110) facet orientation, while 20–35 unit cells of the carbon carbonate were stacked along the c-axis in the thickness direction. Finally, the sheet-shaped particles were agglomerated into dense spherical secondary particles, as presented through the crystal re-crystallization model. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6829396 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68293962019-11-18 Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism Guo, Miaomiao Xi, Xiaoli Li, Sen Li, Chenwei Nie, Zuoren Xu, Kaihua Materials (Basel) Article Spherical CoCO(3) powder with a small particle size and high density was successfully prepared using a continuous carbonate liquid precipitation method with a raw material of cobalt chloride solution, a precipitant of NH(4)HCO(3), and without a template. The effects of the concentration of ammonium carbonate, process pH, and feeding rate on the tap density and apparent density of cobalt carbonate were investigated. It was found that the apparent and tap density values of 4.4 µm of cobalt carbonate were 1.27 g/cm(3) and 1.86 g/cm(3), respectively, when the initial concentration of NH(4)HCO(3) solution was 60 g/L, the pH was 7.15–7.20, and the feeding rate of cobalt chloride was 2 L/h. The anisotropic growth process of the crystal lattice plane of CoCO(3) under the aforementioned optimal conditions were studied. The results demonstrated that the crystal grew fastest along the (110) facet orientation, which was the dominant growth surface, determining the final morphology of the primary particles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results demonstrated that the primary particle morphology of the cobalt carbonate was a nanosheet. The unit cell of cobalt carbonate, of a hexagonal structure in the horizontal direction, grew horizontally along the (110) facet orientation, while 20–35 unit cells of the carbon carbonate were stacked along the c-axis in the thickness direction. Finally, the sheet-shaped particles were agglomerated into dense spherical secondary particles, as presented through the crystal re-crystallization model. MDPI 2019-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6829396/ /pubmed/31627320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203394 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Guo, Miaomiao Xi, Xiaoli Li, Sen Li, Chenwei Nie, Zuoren Xu, Kaihua Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism |
title | Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism |
title_full | Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism |
title_fullStr | Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism |
title_full_unstemmed | Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism |
title_short | Preparation of Small-Particle and High-Density Cobalt Carbonate Using a Continuous Carbonate Precipitation Method and Evaluation of Its Growth Mechanism |
title_sort | preparation of small-particle and high-density cobalt carbonate using a continuous carbonate precipitation method and evaluation of its growth mechanism |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829396/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31627320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203394 |
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