Cargando…
What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain?
Microglia originate from yolk sac-primitive macrophages and auto-proliferate into adulthood without replacement by bone marrow-derived circulating cells. In inflammation, stroke, aging, or infection, microglia have been shown to contribute to brain pathology in both deleterious and beneficial ways,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31652490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101293 |
_version_ | 1783465657111674880 |
---|---|
author | Augusto-Oliveira, Marcus Arrifano, Gabriela P. Lopes-Araújo, Amanda Santos-Sacramento, Leticia Takeda, Priscila Y. Anthony, Daniel C. Malva, João O. Crespo-Lopez, Maria Elena |
author_facet | Augusto-Oliveira, Marcus Arrifano, Gabriela P. Lopes-Araújo, Amanda Santos-Sacramento, Leticia Takeda, Priscila Y. Anthony, Daniel C. Malva, João O. Crespo-Lopez, Maria Elena |
author_sort | Augusto-Oliveira, Marcus |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microglia originate from yolk sac-primitive macrophages and auto-proliferate into adulthood without replacement by bone marrow-derived circulating cells. In inflammation, stroke, aging, or infection, microglia have been shown to contribute to brain pathology in both deleterious and beneficial ways, which have been studied extensively. However, less is known about their role in the healthy adult brain. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are widely accepted to strongly contribute to the maintenance of brain homeostasis and to modulate neuronal function. On the other hand, contribution of microglia to cognition and behavior is only beginning to be understood. The ability to probe their function has become possible using microglial depletion assays and conditional mutants. Studies have shown that the absence of microglia results in cognitive and learning deficits in rodents during development, but this effect is less pronounced in adults. However, evidence suggests that microglia play a role in cognition and learning in adulthood and, at a cellular level, may modulate adult neurogenesis. This review presents the case for repositioning microglia as key contributors to the maintenance of homeostasis and cognitive processes in the healthy adult brain, in addition to their classical role as sentinels coordinating the neuroinflammatory response to tissue damage and disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6829860 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68298602019-11-18 What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? Augusto-Oliveira, Marcus Arrifano, Gabriela P. Lopes-Araújo, Amanda Santos-Sacramento, Leticia Takeda, Priscila Y. Anthony, Daniel C. Malva, João O. Crespo-Lopez, Maria Elena Cells Review Microglia originate from yolk sac-primitive macrophages and auto-proliferate into adulthood without replacement by bone marrow-derived circulating cells. In inflammation, stroke, aging, or infection, microglia have been shown to contribute to brain pathology in both deleterious and beneficial ways, which have been studied extensively. However, less is known about their role in the healthy adult brain. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are widely accepted to strongly contribute to the maintenance of brain homeostasis and to modulate neuronal function. On the other hand, contribution of microglia to cognition and behavior is only beginning to be understood. The ability to probe their function has become possible using microglial depletion assays and conditional mutants. Studies have shown that the absence of microglia results in cognitive and learning deficits in rodents during development, but this effect is less pronounced in adults. However, evidence suggests that microglia play a role in cognition and learning in adulthood and, at a cellular level, may modulate adult neurogenesis. This review presents the case for repositioning microglia as key contributors to the maintenance of homeostasis and cognitive processes in the healthy adult brain, in addition to their classical role as sentinels coordinating the neuroinflammatory response to tissue damage and disease. MDPI 2019-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6829860/ /pubmed/31652490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101293 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Augusto-Oliveira, Marcus Arrifano, Gabriela P. Lopes-Araújo, Amanda Santos-Sacramento, Leticia Takeda, Priscila Y. Anthony, Daniel C. Malva, João O. Crespo-Lopez, Maria Elena What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? |
title | What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? |
title_full | What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? |
title_fullStr | What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? |
title_full_unstemmed | What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? |
title_short | What Do Microglia Really Do in Healthy Adult Brain? |
title_sort | what do microglia really do in healthy adult brain? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31652490 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101293 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT augustooliveiramarcus whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT arrifanogabrielap whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT lopesaraujoamanda whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT santossacramentoleticia whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT takedapriscilay whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT anthonydanielc whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT malvajoaoo whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain AT crespolopezmariaelena whatdomicrogliareallydoinhealthyadultbrain |