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Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages
BACKGROUND: Understanding the origin of genetic variation is the key to predict how species will respond to future climate change. The genus Quercus is a species-rich and ecologically diverse woody genus that dominates a wide range of forests and woodland communities of the Northern Hemisphere. Quer...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31684859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1523-z |
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author | Yan, Mengxiao Liu, Ruibin Li, Ying Hipp, Andrew L. Deng, Min Xiong, Yanshi |
author_facet | Yan, Mengxiao Liu, Ruibin Li, Ying Hipp, Andrew L. Deng, Min Xiong, Yanshi |
author_sort | Yan, Mengxiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Understanding the origin of genetic variation is the key to predict how species will respond to future climate change. The genus Quercus is a species-rich and ecologically diverse woody genus that dominates a wide range of forests and woodland communities of the Northern Hemisphere. Quercus thus offers a unique opportunity to investigate how adaptation to environmental changes has shaped the spatial genetic structure of closely related lineages. Furthermore, Quercus provides a deep insight into how tree species will respond to future climate change. This study investigated whether closely related Quercus lineages have similar spatial genetic structures and moreover, what roles have their geographic distribution, ecological tolerance, and historical environmental changes played in the similar or distinct genetic structures. RESULTS: Despite their close relationships, the three main oak lineages (Quercus sections Cyclobalanopsis, Ilex, and Quercus) have different spatial genetic patterns and occupy different climatic niches. The lowest level and most homogeneous pattern of genetic diversity was found in section Cyclobalanopsis, which is restricted to warm and humid climates. The highest genetic diversity and strongest geographic genetic structure were found in section Ilex, which is due to their long-term isolation and strong local adaptation. The widespread section Quercus is distributed across the most heterogeneous range of environments; however, it exhibited moderate haplotype diversity. This is likely due to regional extinction during Quaternary climatic fluctuation in Europe and North America. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations of sections Ilex and Quercus were significantly predicted by geographic and climate variations, while those of section Cyclobalanopsis were poorly predictable by geographic or climatic diversity. Apart from the different historical environmental changes experienced by different sections, variation of their ecological or climatic tolerances and physiological traits induced varying responses to similar environment changes, resulting in distinct spatial genetic patterns. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6829957 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68299572019-11-07 Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages Yan, Mengxiao Liu, Ruibin Li, Ying Hipp, Andrew L. Deng, Min Xiong, Yanshi BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Understanding the origin of genetic variation is the key to predict how species will respond to future climate change. The genus Quercus is a species-rich and ecologically diverse woody genus that dominates a wide range of forests and woodland communities of the Northern Hemisphere. Quercus thus offers a unique opportunity to investigate how adaptation to environmental changes has shaped the spatial genetic structure of closely related lineages. Furthermore, Quercus provides a deep insight into how tree species will respond to future climate change. This study investigated whether closely related Quercus lineages have similar spatial genetic structures and moreover, what roles have their geographic distribution, ecological tolerance, and historical environmental changes played in the similar or distinct genetic structures. RESULTS: Despite their close relationships, the three main oak lineages (Quercus sections Cyclobalanopsis, Ilex, and Quercus) have different spatial genetic patterns and occupy different climatic niches. The lowest level and most homogeneous pattern of genetic diversity was found in section Cyclobalanopsis, which is restricted to warm and humid climates. The highest genetic diversity and strongest geographic genetic structure were found in section Ilex, which is due to their long-term isolation and strong local adaptation. The widespread section Quercus is distributed across the most heterogeneous range of environments; however, it exhibited moderate haplotype diversity. This is likely due to regional extinction during Quaternary climatic fluctuation in Europe and North America. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations of sections Ilex and Quercus were significantly predicted by geographic and climate variations, while those of section Cyclobalanopsis were poorly predictable by geographic or climatic diversity. Apart from the different historical environmental changes experienced by different sections, variation of their ecological or climatic tolerances and physiological traits induced varying responses to similar environment changes, resulting in distinct spatial genetic patterns. BioMed Central 2019-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6829957/ /pubmed/31684859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1523-z Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Yan, Mengxiao Liu, Ruibin Li, Ying Hipp, Andrew L. Deng, Min Xiong, Yanshi Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
title | Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
title_full | Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
title_fullStr | Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
title_full_unstemmed | Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
title_short | Ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
title_sort | ancient events and climate adaptive capacity shaped distinct chloroplast genetic structure in the oak lineages |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829957/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31684859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1523-z |
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