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Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of morphological characteristics on freestyle swimming performance by event and gender. DESIGN: Height, mass, body mass index (BMI) and speed data were collected for the top 100 international male and female swimmers from 50 to 1500 m...

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Autores principales: Pla, Robin, Leroy, Arthur, Massal, Romain, Bellami, Maxime, Kaillani, Fatima, Hellard, Philippe, Toussaint, Jean-François, Sedeaud, Adrien
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31749980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000543
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author Pla, Robin
Leroy, Arthur
Massal, Romain
Bellami, Maxime
Kaillani, Fatima
Hellard, Philippe
Toussaint, Jean-François
Sedeaud, Adrien
author_facet Pla, Robin
Leroy, Arthur
Massal, Romain
Bellami, Maxime
Kaillani, Fatima
Hellard, Philippe
Toussaint, Jean-François
Sedeaud, Adrien
author_sort Pla, Robin
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of morphological characteristics on freestyle swimming performance by event and gender. DESIGN: Height, mass, body mass index (BMI) and speed data were collected for the top 100 international male and female swimmers from 50 to 1500 m freestyle events for the 2000–2014 seasons. METHODS: Several Bayesian hierarchical regressions were performed on race speed with height, mass and BMI as predictors. Posterior probability distributions were computed using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. RESULTS: Regression results exhibited relationships between morphology and performance for both genders and all race distances. Height was always positively correlated with speed with a 95% probability. Conversely, mass plays a different role according to the context. Heavier profiles seem favourable on sprint distances, whereas mass becomes a handicap as distance increases. Male and female swimmers present several differences on the influence of morphology on speed, particularly about the mass. Best morphological profiles are associated with a gain of speed of 0.7%–3.0% for men and 1%–6% for women, depending on race distance. BMI has been investigated as a predictor of race speed but appears as weakly informative in this context. CONCLUSION: Morphological indicators such as height and mass strongly contribute to swimming performance from sprint to distance events, and this contribution is quantified for each race distance. These profiles may help swimming federations to detect athletes and drive them to compete in specific distances according to their morphology.
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spelling pubmed-68304582019-11-20 Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming Pla, Robin Leroy, Arthur Massal, Romain Bellami, Maxime Kaillani, Fatima Hellard, Philippe Toussaint, Jean-François Sedeaud, Adrien BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Original Article OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of morphological characteristics on freestyle swimming performance by event and gender. DESIGN: Height, mass, body mass index (BMI) and speed data were collected for the top 100 international male and female swimmers from 50 to 1500 m freestyle events for the 2000–2014 seasons. METHODS: Several Bayesian hierarchical regressions were performed on race speed with height, mass and BMI as predictors. Posterior probability distributions were computed using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. RESULTS: Regression results exhibited relationships between morphology and performance for both genders and all race distances. Height was always positively correlated with speed with a 95% probability. Conversely, mass plays a different role according to the context. Heavier profiles seem favourable on sprint distances, whereas mass becomes a handicap as distance increases. Male and female swimmers present several differences on the influence of morphology on speed, particularly about the mass. Best morphological profiles are associated with a gain of speed of 0.7%–3.0% for men and 1%–6% for women, depending on race distance. BMI has been investigated as a predictor of race speed but appears as weakly informative in this context. CONCLUSION: Morphological indicators such as height and mass strongly contribute to swimming performance from sprint to distance events, and this contribution is quantified for each race distance. These profiles may help swimming federations to detect athletes and drive them to compete in specific distances according to their morphology. BMJ Publishing Group 2019-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6830458/ /pubmed/31749980 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000543 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Original Article
Pla, Robin
Leroy, Arthur
Massal, Romain
Bellami, Maxime
Kaillani, Fatima
Hellard, Philippe
Toussaint, Jean-François
Sedeaud, Adrien
Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
title Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
title_full Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
title_fullStr Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
title_full_unstemmed Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
title_short Bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
title_sort bayesian approach to quantify morphological impact on performance in international elite freestyle swimming
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31749980
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000543
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