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Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism

Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluores...

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Autores principales: Park, Hyun Bong, Lam, Yick Chong, Gaffney, Jean P., Weaver, James C., Krivoshik, Sara Rose, Hamchand, Randy, Pieribone, Vincent, Gruber, David F., Crawford, Jason M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831821/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31402257
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019
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author Park, Hyun Bong
Lam, Yick Chong
Gaffney, Jean P.
Weaver, James C.
Krivoshik, Sara Rose
Hamchand, Randy
Pieribone, Vincent
Gruber, David F.
Crawford, Jason M.
author_facet Park, Hyun Bong
Lam, Yick Chong
Gaffney, Jean P.
Weaver, James C.
Krivoshik, Sara Rose
Hamchand, Randy
Pieribone, Vincent
Gruber, David F.
Crawford, Jason M.
author_sort Park, Hyun Bong
collection PubMed
description Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection.
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spelling pubmed-68318212019-11-07 Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism Park, Hyun Bong Lam, Yick Chong Gaffney, Jean P. Weaver, James C. Krivoshik, Sara Rose Hamchand, Randy Pieribone, Vincent Gruber, David F. Crawford, Jason M. iScience Article Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection. Elsevier 2019-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6831821/ /pubmed/31402257 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019 Text en © 2019 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Park, Hyun Bong
Lam, Yick Chong
Gaffney, Jean P.
Weaver, James C.
Krivoshik, Sara Rose
Hamchand, Randy
Pieribone, Vincent
Gruber, David F.
Crawford, Jason M.
Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
title Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
title_full Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
title_fullStr Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
title_short Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism
title_sort bright green biofluorescence in sharks derives from bromo-kynurenine metabolism
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831821/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31402257
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019
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