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Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, which includes the 3%–5% of all pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is defined as new onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with evidence of maternal organ or uteroplacental dysfunction or protein...

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Autores principales: Fox, Rachael, Kitt, Jamie, Leeson, Paul, Aye, Christina Y.L., Lewandowski, Adam J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6832549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31590294
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101625
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author Fox, Rachael
Kitt, Jamie
Leeson, Paul
Aye, Christina Y.L.
Lewandowski, Adam J.
author_facet Fox, Rachael
Kitt, Jamie
Leeson, Paul
Aye, Christina Y.L.
Lewandowski, Adam J.
author_sort Fox, Rachael
collection PubMed
description Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, which includes the 3%–5% of all pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is defined as new onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with evidence of maternal organ or uteroplacental dysfunction or proteinuria. Despite its prevalence, the risk factors that have been identified lack accuracy in predicting its onset and preventative therapies only moderately reduce a woman’s risk of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and is associated with adverse foetal outcomes including intra-uterine growth restriction, preterm birth, placental abruption, foetal distress, and foetal death in utero. At present, national guidelines for foetal surveillance in preeclamptic pregnancies are inconsistent, due to a lack of evidence detailing the most appropriate assessment modalities as well as the timing and frequency at which assessments should be conducted. Current management of the foetus in preeclampsia involves timely delivery and prevention of adverse effects of prematurity with antenatal corticosteroids and/or magnesium sulphate depending on gestation. Alongside the risks to the foetus during pregnancy, there is also growing evidence that preeclampsia has long-term adverse effects on the offspring. In particular, preeclampsia has been associated with cardiovascular sequelae in the offspring including hypertension and altered vascular function.
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spelling pubmed-68325492019-11-25 Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring Fox, Rachael Kitt, Jamie Leeson, Paul Aye, Christina Y.L. Lewandowski, Adam J. J Clin Med Review Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, which includes the 3%–5% of all pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is defined as new onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with evidence of maternal organ or uteroplacental dysfunction or proteinuria. Despite its prevalence, the risk factors that have been identified lack accuracy in predicting its onset and preventative therapies only moderately reduce a woman’s risk of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and is associated with adverse foetal outcomes including intra-uterine growth restriction, preterm birth, placental abruption, foetal distress, and foetal death in utero. At present, national guidelines for foetal surveillance in preeclamptic pregnancies are inconsistent, due to a lack of evidence detailing the most appropriate assessment modalities as well as the timing and frequency at which assessments should be conducted. Current management of the foetus in preeclampsia involves timely delivery and prevention of adverse effects of prematurity with antenatal corticosteroids and/or magnesium sulphate depending on gestation. Alongside the risks to the foetus during pregnancy, there is also growing evidence that preeclampsia has long-term adverse effects on the offspring. In particular, preeclampsia has been associated with cardiovascular sequelae in the offspring including hypertension and altered vascular function. MDPI 2019-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6832549/ /pubmed/31590294 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101625 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fox, Rachael
Kitt, Jamie
Leeson, Paul
Aye, Christina Y.L.
Lewandowski, Adam J.
Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring
title Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring
title_full Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring
title_fullStr Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring
title_full_unstemmed Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring
title_short Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring
title_sort preeclampsia: risk factors, diagnosis, management, and the cardiovascular impact on the offspring
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6832549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31590294
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101625
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