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Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is the etiological agent that is responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB). Although every year M. tb infection affects millions of people worldwide, the only vaccine that is currently available is the Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. However, the BCG vaccine...

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Autores principales: Abrahem, Rachel, Cao, Ruoqiong, Robinson, Brittanie, Munjal, Shalok, Cho, Thomas, To, Kimberly, Ashley, David, Hernandez, Joshua, Nguyen, Timothy, Teskey, Garrett, Venketaraman, Vishwanath
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6833006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569759
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101556
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author Abrahem, Rachel
Cao, Ruoqiong
Robinson, Brittanie
Munjal, Shalok
Cho, Thomas
To, Kimberly
Ashley, David
Hernandez, Joshua
Nguyen, Timothy
Teskey, Garrett
Venketaraman, Vishwanath
author_facet Abrahem, Rachel
Cao, Ruoqiong
Robinson, Brittanie
Munjal, Shalok
Cho, Thomas
To, Kimberly
Ashley, David
Hernandez, Joshua
Nguyen, Timothy
Teskey, Garrett
Venketaraman, Vishwanath
author_sort Abrahem, Rachel
collection PubMed
description Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is the etiological agent that is responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB). Although every year M. tb infection affects millions of people worldwide, the only vaccine that is currently available is the Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. However, the BCG vaccine has varying efficacy. Additionally, the first line antibiotics administered to patients with active TB often cause severe complications and side effects. To improve upon the host response mechanism in containing M. tb infection, our lab has previously shown that the addition of the biological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) has profound antimycobacterial effects. The aim of this study is to understand the additive effects of BCG vaccination and ex-vivo GSH enhancement in improving the immune responses against M. tb in both groups; specifically, their ability to mount an effective immune response against M. tb infection, maintain CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the granulomas, their response to liposomal glutathione (L-GSH), with varying suboptimal levels of the first line antibiotics isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), the expressions of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), and their ability to induce autophagy. Our results revealed that BCG vaccination, along with GSH enhancement, can prevent the loss of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the granulomas and improve the control of M. tb infection by decreasing the expressions of PD-1 and increasing autophagy and production of the cytokines interferon gamma IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).
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spelling pubmed-68330062019-11-25 Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione Abrahem, Rachel Cao, Ruoqiong Robinson, Brittanie Munjal, Shalok Cho, Thomas To, Kimberly Ashley, David Hernandez, Joshua Nguyen, Timothy Teskey, Garrett Venketaraman, Vishwanath J Clin Med Article Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is the etiological agent that is responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB). Although every year M. tb infection affects millions of people worldwide, the only vaccine that is currently available is the Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. However, the BCG vaccine has varying efficacy. Additionally, the first line antibiotics administered to patients with active TB often cause severe complications and side effects. To improve upon the host response mechanism in containing M. tb infection, our lab has previously shown that the addition of the biological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) has profound antimycobacterial effects. The aim of this study is to understand the additive effects of BCG vaccination and ex-vivo GSH enhancement in improving the immune responses against M. tb in both groups; specifically, their ability to mount an effective immune response against M. tb infection, maintain CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the granulomas, their response to liposomal glutathione (L-GSH), with varying suboptimal levels of the first line antibiotics isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA), the expressions of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), and their ability to induce autophagy. Our results revealed that BCG vaccination, along with GSH enhancement, can prevent the loss of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the granulomas and improve the control of M. tb infection by decreasing the expressions of PD-1 and increasing autophagy and production of the cytokines interferon gamma IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). MDPI 2019-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6833006/ /pubmed/31569759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101556 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abrahem, Rachel
Cao, Ruoqiong
Robinson, Brittanie
Munjal, Shalok
Cho, Thomas
To, Kimberly
Ashley, David
Hernandez, Joshua
Nguyen, Timothy
Teskey, Garrett
Venketaraman, Vishwanath
Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione
title Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione
title_full Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione
title_fullStr Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione
title_full_unstemmed Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione
title_short Elucidating the Efficacy of the Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in Conjunction with First Line Antibiotics and Liposomal Glutathione
title_sort elucidating the efficacy of the bacille calmette–guérin vaccination in conjunction with first line antibiotics and liposomal glutathione
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6833006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569759
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101556
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