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Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus

Vaccines against classical swine fever have proven very effective in protecting pigs from this deadly disease. However, little is known about how vaccination impacts the selective pressures acting on the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Here we use high-throughput sequencing of viral genomes to i...

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Autores principales: Fahnøe, Ulrik, Pedersen, Anders Gorm, Johnston, Camille Melissa, Orton, Richard J., Höper, Dirk, Beer, Martin, Bukh, Jens, Belsham, Graham J., Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6833067/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31658773
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100932
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author Fahnøe, Ulrik
Pedersen, Anders Gorm
Johnston, Camille Melissa
Orton, Richard J.
Höper, Dirk
Beer, Martin
Bukh, Jens
Belsham, Graham J.
Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun
author_facet Fahnøe, Ulrik
Pedersen, Anders Gorm
Johnston, Camille Melissa
Orton, Richard J.
Höper, Dirk
Beer, Martin
Bukh, Jens
Belsham, Graham J.
Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun
author_sort Fahnøe, Ulrik
collection PubMed
description Vaccines against classical swine fever have proven very effective in protecting pigs from this deadly disease. However, little is known about how vaccination impacts the selective pressures acting on the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Here we use high-throughput sequencing of viral genomes to investigate evolutionary changes in virus populations following the challenge of naïve and vaccinated pigs with the highly virulent CSFV strain “Koslov”. The challenge inoculum contained an ensemble of closely related viral sequences, with three major haplotypes being present, termed A, B, and C. After the challenge, the viral haplotype A was preferentially located within the tonsils of naïve animals but was highly prevalent in the sera of all vaccinated animals. We find that the viral population structure in naïve pigs after infection is very similar to that in the original inoculum. In contrast, the viral population in vaccinated pigs, which only underwent transient low-level viremia, displayed several distinct changes including the emergence of 16 unique non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were not detectable in the challenge inoculum. Further analysis showed a significant loss of heterogeneity and an increasing positive selection acting on the virus populations in the vaccinated pigs. We conclude that vaccination imposes a strong selective pressure on viruses that subsequently replicate within the vaccinated animal.
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spelling pubmed-68330672019-11-25 Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus Fahnøe, Ulrik Pedersen, Anders Gorm Johnston, Camille Melissa Orton, Richard J. Höper, Dirk Beer, Martin Bukh, Jens Belsham, Graham J. Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun Viruses Article Vaccines against classical swine fever have proven very effective in protecting pigs from this deadly disease. However, little is known about how vaccination impacts the selective pressures acting on the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Here we use high-throughput sequencing of viral genomes to investigate evolutionary changes in virus populations following the challenge of naïve and vaccinated pigs with the highly virulent CSFV strain “Koslov”. The challenge inoculum contained an ensemble of closely related viral sequences, with three major haplotypes being present, termed A, B, and C. After the challenge, the viral haplotype A was preferentially located within the tonsils of naïve animals but was highly prevalent in the sera of all vaccinated animals. We find that the viral population structure in naïve pigs after infection is very similar to that in the original inoculum. In contrast, the viral population in vaccinated pigs, which only underwent transient low-level viremia, displayed several distinct changes including the emergence of 16 unique non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were not detectable in the challenge inoculum. Further analysis showed a significant loss of heterogeneity and an increasing positive selection acting on the virus populations in the vaccinated pigs. We conclude that vaccination imposes a strong selective pressure on viruses that subsequently replicate within the vaccinated animal. MDPI 2019-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6833067/ /pubmed/31658773 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100932 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fahnøe, Ulrik
Pedersen, Anders Gorm
Johnston, Camille Melissa
Orton, Richard J.
Höper, Dirk
Beer, Martin
Bukh, Jens
Belsham, Graham J.
Rasmussen, Thomas Bruun
Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus
title Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus
title_full Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus
title_fullStr Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus
title_full_unstemmed Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus
title_short Virus Adaptation and Selection Following Challenge of Animals Vaccinated against Classical Swine Fever Virus
title_sort virus adaptation and selection following challenge of animals vaccinated against classical swine fever virus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6833067/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31658773
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100932
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