Clinical outcomes of metallic Y-shaped covered stents for bronchopleural fistula around upper carina after lobectomy

BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported the placement of metallic Y-shaped covered stents (Y stents) for bronchopleural fistula around the upper carina. METHODS: Eighteen patients were treated with Y stents insertion under the guidance of fluoroscopy. All covered stents were custom-designed and inserted to fit the upper carina anatomy. Clinical data and medical imaging data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The stents were implanted successfully for the first time in 17 patients, and one patient needed a second attempt due to stent migration during withdrawal of the guide wires. In total, 19 small Y single-plugged stents were inserted in the upper carina and 5 large Y stents additionally in the main carina. Nineteen complications were observed in 14 patients, including 4 major complications. Stents were successfully removed in 12 patients due to complications or cure efficacy, for a median duration in place of 89.5 days. One patient lost follow-up. Nine patients were cured, and three had clinical improvement. One patient died of ventricular fibrillation the second day after the procedure and 4 patients died of tumors 7.8 to 91.7 months after stent placement. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 87.5, 80.8 and 80.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Metallic Y stent placement is technically feasible, effective and safe for bronchopleural fistula disease around the upper carina.