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Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation

Among the immunologically important bioactive factors present in human milk, lactoferrin (Lf) has emerged as a key player with wide-ranging features that directly and indirectly protect the neonate against infection caused by a variety of pathogens. The concentration of Lf in human milk is lactation...

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Autores principales: Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Matylda, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena, Broers, Barbara, Królak-Olejnik, Barbara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835443/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31581741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102350
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author Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Matylda
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena
Broers, Barbara
Królak-Olejnik, Barbara
author_facet Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Matylda
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena
Broers, Barbara
Królak-Olejnik, Barbara
author_sort Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Matylda
collection PubMed
description Among the immunologically important bioactive factors present in human milk, lactoferrin (Lf) has emerged as a key player with wide-ranging features that directly and indirectly protect the neonate against infection caused by a variety of pathogens. The concentration of Lf in human milk is lactation-stage related; colostrum contains more than 5 g/L, which then significantly decreases to 2–3 g/L in mature milk. The milk of mothers who are breastfeeding for more than one year is of a standard value, containing macronutrients in a composition similar to that of human milk at later stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate lactoferrin concentration in prolonged lactation from the first to the 48th month postpartum. Lactating women (n = 120) up to 48 months postpartum were recruited to the study. The mean value of lactoferrin concentration was the lowest in the group of 1–12 months of lactation (3.39 ± 1.43 g/L), significantly increasing in the 13–18 months group (5.55 ± 4.00 g/L; p < 0.006), and remaining at a comparable level in the groups of 19–24 month and over 24 months (5.02 ± 2.97 and 4.90 ± 3.18 g/L, respectively). The concentration of lactoferrin in mother’s milk also showed a positive correlation with protein concentration over lactation from the first to the 48th month (r = 0.3374; p = 0.0002). Our results demonstrate the high immunology potential of human milk during prolonged lactation and that Lf concentration is close to the Lf concentration in colostrum. Evidence of stable or rising immunoprotein levels during prolonged lactation provides an argument for foregoing weaning; however, breastfeeding must be combined with solid foods meet the new requirements of a rapidly growing six-month or older baby.
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spelling pubmed-68354432019-11-25 Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Matylda Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena Broers, Barbara Królak-Olejnik, Barbara Nutrients Article Among the immunologically important bioactive factors present in human milk, lactoferrin (Lf) has emerged as a key player with wide-ranging features that directly and indirectly protect the neonate against infection caused by a variety of pathogens. The concentration of Lf in human milk is lactation-stage related; colostrum contains more than 5 g/L, which then significantly decreases to 2–3 g/L in mature milk. The milk of mothers who are breastfeeding for more than one year is of a standard value, containing macronutrients in a composition similar to that of human milk at later stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate lactoferrin concentration in prolonged lactation from the first to the 48th month postpartum. Lactating women (n = 120) up to 48 months postpartum were recruited to the study. The mean value of lactoferrin concentration was the lowest in the group of 1–12 months of lactation (3.39 ± 1.43 g/L), significantly increasing in the 13–18 months group (5.55 ± 4.00 g/L; p < 0.006), and remaining at a comparable level in the groups of 19–24 month and over 24 months (5.02 ± 2.97 and 4.90 ± 3.18 g/L, respectively). The concentration of lactoferrin in mother’s milk also showed a positive correlation with protein concentration over lactation from the first to the 48th month (r = 0.3374; p = 0.0002). Our results demonstrate the high immunology potential of human milk during prolonged lactation and that Lf concentration is close to the Lf concentration in colostrum. Evidence of stable or rising immunoprotein levels during prolonged lactation provides an argument for foregoing weaning; however, breastfeeding must be combined with solid foods meet the new requirements of a rapidly growing six-month or older baby. MDPI 2019-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6835443/ /pubmed/31581741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102350 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Matylda
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Magdalena
Broers, Barbara
Królak-Olejnik, Barbara
Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
title Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
title_full Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
title_fullStr Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
title_full_unstemmed Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
title_short Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
title_sort lactoferrin in human milk of prolonged lactation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835443/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31581741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102350
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AT krolakolejnikbarbara lactoferrininhumanmilkofprolongedlactation