Cargando…

Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications

WS(2) exfoliated by a combined ball milling and sonication technique to produce few-layer WS(2) is characterized and assembled as chemo-resistive NO(2), H(2) and humidity sensors. Microstructural analyses reveal flakes with average dimensions of 110 nm, “aspect ratio” of lateral dimension to the thi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Paolucci, Valentina, Emamjomeh, Seyed Mahmoud, Nardone, Michele, Ottaviano, Luca, Cantalini, Carlo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31554152
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101363
_version_ 1783466745878544384
author Paolucci, Valentina
Emamjomeh, Seyed Mahmoud
Nardone, Michele
Ottaviano, Luca
Cantalini, Carlo
author_facet Paolucci, Valentina
Emamjomeh, Seyed Mahmoud
Nardone, Michele
Ottaviano, Luca
Cantalini, Carlo
author_sort Paolucci, Valentina
collection PubMed
description WS(2) exfoliated by a combined ball milling and sonication technique to produce few-layer WS(2) is characterized and assembled as chemo-resistive NO(2), H(2) and humidity sensors. Microstructural analyses reveal flakes with average dimensions of 110 nm, “aspect ratio” of lateral dimension to the thickness of 27. Due to spontaneous oxidation of exfoliated WS(2) to amorphous WO(3), films have been pre-annealed at 180 °C to stabilize WO(3) content at ≈58%, as determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and grazing incidence X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Microstructural analysis repeated after one-year conditioning highlighted that amorphous WO(3) concentration is stable, attesting the validity of the pre-annealing procedure. WS(2) films were NO(2), H(2) and humidity tested at 150 °C operating Temperature (OT), exhibiting experimental detection limits of 200 ppb and 5 ppm to NO(2) and H(2) in dry air, respectively. Long-term stability of the electrical response recorded over one year of sustained conditions at 150 °C OT and different gases demonstrated good reproducibility of the electrical signal. The role played by WO(3) and WS(2) upon gas response has been addressed and a likely reaction gas-mechanism presented. Controlling the microstructure and surface oxidation of exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) represents a stepping-stone to assess the reproducibility and long-term response of TMDs monolayers in gas sensing applications.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6835748
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68357482019-11-25 Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications Paolucci, Valentina Emamjomeh, Seyed Mahmoud Nardone, Michele Ottaviano, Luca Cantalini, Carlo Nanomaterials (Basel) Article WS(2) exfoliated by a combined ball milling and sonication technique to produce few-layer WS(2) is characterized and assembled as chemo-resistive NO(2), H(2) and humidity sensors. Microstructural analyses reveal flakes with average dimensions of 110 nm, “aspect ratio” of lateral dimension to the thickness of 27. Due to spontaneous oxidation of exfoliated WS(2) to amorphous WO(3), films have been pre-annealed at 180 °C to stabilize WO(3) content at ≈58%, as determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and grazing incidence X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Microstructural analysis repeated after one-year conditioning highlighted that amorphous WO(3) concentration is stable, attesting the validity of the pre-annealing procedure. WS(2) films were NO(2), H(2) and humidity tested at 150 °C operating Temperature (OT), exhibiting experimental detection limits of 200 ppb and 5 ppm to NO(2) and H(2) in dry air, respectively. Long-term stability of the electrical response recorded over one year of sustained conditions at 150 °C OT and different gases demonstrated good reproducibility of the electrical signal. The role played by WO(3) and WS(2) upon gas response has been addressed and a likely reaction gas-mechanism presented. Controlling the microstructure and surface oxidation of exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) represents a stepping-stone to assess the reproducibility and long-term response of TMDs monolayers in gas sensing applications. MDPI 2019-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6835748/ /pubmed/31554152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101363 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Paolucci, Valentina
Emamjomeh, Seyed Mahmoud
Nardone, Michele
Ottaviano, Luca
Cantalini, Carlo
Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications
title Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications
title_full Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications
title_fullStr Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications
title_full_unstemmed Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications
title_short Two-Step Exfoliation of WS(2) for NO(2), H(2) and Humidity Sensing Applications
title_sort two-step exfoliation of ws(2) for no(2), h(2) and humidity sensing applications
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31554152
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101363
work_keys_str_mv AT paoluccivalentina twostepexfoliationofws2forno2h2andhumiditysensingapplications
AT emamjomehseyedmahmoud twostepexfoliationofws2forno2h2andhumiditysensingapplications
AT nardonemichele twostepexfoliationofws2forno2h2andhumiditysensingapplications
AT ottavianoluca twostepexfoliationofws2forno2h2andhumiditysensingapplications
AT cantalinicarlo twostepexfoliationofws2forno2h2andhumiditysensingapplications