Cargando…

Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations

Information about the accuracy of self-reported food and fluid intake during competitions is scarce. The objective of this study was to validate a previously developed food and fluid exercise questionnaire (FFEQ) against direct observations made during competitions in athletes. Fifty-eight recreatio...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wardenaar, Floris C., Hoogervorst, Daan, van der Burg, Nancy, Versteegen, Joline, Yoo, Wonsuk, Tasevska, Natasha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835803/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31591334
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102391
_version_ 1783466759220625408
author Wardenaar, Floris C.
Hoogervorst, Daan
van der Burg, Nancy
Versteegen, Joline
Yoo, Wonsuk
Tasevska, Natasha
author_facet Wardenaar, Floris C.
Hoogervorst, Daan
van der Burg, Nancy
Versteegen, Joline
Yoo, Wonsuk
Tasevska, Natasha
author_sort Wardenaar, Floris C.
collection PubMed
description Information about the accuracy of self-reported food and fluid intake during competitions is scarce. The objective of this study was to validate a previously developed food and fluid exercise questionnaire (FFEQ) against direct observations made during competitions in athletes. Fifty-eight recreational endurance athletes participating in four different running events and one cross duathlon in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017 were recruited. The FFEQ overestimated the median energy and carbohydrate intake by 27.6 kcal/h (20.6%) and 9.25 g/h (30.8%) (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to direct observation. Reporting bias (i.e., correlation between the difference between methods and average of both methods) increased with a higher energy (r: 0.41, p < 0.01) and carbohydrate intake (r: 0.44, p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between FFEQ-reported fluid intake per hour and observations (median difference: −2.93 mL, −1.1%; p = 0.48) and no fluid reporting bias was identified (r: 0.23, p = 0.08). FFEQ-reported energy (r: 0.74), carbohydrate (r: 0.74), and fluid (r: 0.85) intake was strongly correlated with the observed intake (all p-values < 0.001). In conclusion, the FFEQ accurately estimates the fluid intake on a group level during competitions in recreational athletes. Even though FFEQ overestimates the energy and carbohydrate intake, it is still a useful tool for ranking individuals based on their intake.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6835803
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68358032019-11-25 Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations Wardenaar, Floris C. Hoogervorst, Daan van der Burg, Nancy Versteegen, Joline Yoo, Wonsuk Tasevska, Natasha Nutrients Article Information about the accuracy of self-reported food and fluid intake during competitions is scarce. The objective of this study was to validate a previously developed food and fluid exercise questionnaire (FFEQ) against direct observations made during competitions in athletes. Fifty-eight recreational endurance athletes participating in four different running events and one cross duathlon in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017 were recruited. The FFEQ overestimated the median energy and carbohydrate intake by 27.6 kcal/h (20.6%) and 9.25 g/h (30.8%) (p < 0.001), respectively, compared to direct observation. Reporting bias (i.e., correlation between the difference between methods and average of both methods) increased with a higher energy (r: 0.41, p < 0.01) and carbohydrate intake (r: 0.44, p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between FFEQ-reported fluid intake per hour and observations (median difference: −2.93 mL, −1.1%; p = 0.48) and no fluid reporting bias was identified (r: 0.23, p = 0.08). FFEQ-reported energy (r: 0.74), carbohydrate (r: 0.74), and fluid (r: 0.85) intake was strongly correlated with the observed intake (all p-values < 0.001). In conclusion, the FFEQ accurately estimates the fluid intake on a group level during competitions in recreational athletes. Even though FFEQ overestimates the energy and carbohydrate intake, it is still a useful tool for ranking individuals based on their intake. MDPI 2019-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6835803/ /pubmed/31591334 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102391 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wardenaar, Floris C.
Hoogervorst, Daan
van der Burg, Nancy
Versteegen, Joline
Yoo, Wonsuk
Tasevska, Natasha
Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations
title Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations
title_full Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations
title_fullStr Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations
title_full_unstemmed Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations
title_short Validity of a Food and Fluid Exercise Questionnaire for Macronutrient Intake during Exercise against Observations
title_sort validity of a food and fluid exercise questionnaire for macronutrient intake during exercise against observations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835803/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31591334
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102391
work_keys_str_mv AT wardenaarflorisc validityofafoodandfluidexercisequestionnaireformacronutrientintakeduringexerciseagainstobservations
AT hoogervorstdaan validityofafoodandfluidexercisequestionnaireformacronutrientintakeduringexerciseagainstobservations
AT vanderburgnancy validityofafoodandfluidexercisequestionnaireformacronutrientintakeduringexerciseagainstobservations
AT versteegenjoline validityofafoodandfluidexercisequestionnaireformacronutrientintakeduringexerciseagainstobservations
AT yoowonsuk validityofafoodandfluidexercisequestionnaireformacronutrientintakeduringexerciseagainstobservations
AT tasevskanatasha validityofafoodandfluidexercisequestionnaireformacronutrientintakeduringexerciseagainstobservations