Cargando…

Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) globally and yet is not a reportable disease. Trichomonas vaginalis is an important source of reproductive morbidity and may increase risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The World...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Divakaruni, Aruna Kumari, Mahabir, Bisram, Orrett, F. A., Adidam, Sneha Rao, Venkata, Srikanth Adidam, Adidam, V. Chalapathi Rao, Divakaruni, Srinivas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6836194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547105
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7100097
_version_ 1783466851617996800
author Divakaruni, Aruna Kumari
Mahabir, Bisram
Orrett, F. A.
Adidam, Sneha Rao
Venkata, Srikanth Adidam
Adidam, V. Chalapathi Rao
Divakaruni, Srinivas
author_facet Divakaruni, Aruna Kumari
Mahabir, Bisram
Orrett, F. A.
Adidam, Sneha Rao
Venkata, Srikanth Adidam
Adidam, V. Chalapathi Rao
Divakaruni, Srinivas
author_sort Divakaruni, Aruna Kumari
collection PubMed
description Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) globally and yet is not a reportable disease. Trichomonas vaginalis is an important source of reproductive morbidity and may increase risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Control Disease Center (CDC) recommend various regimens of nitroimidazole s for treatment. The common nitroimidazoles used for trichomoniasis are metronidazole and tinidazole, which vary in their cost, efficacy, and side effect profile. It is relevant to study these factors for better management of the patients. This study aimed to compare and study the efficacy, compliance of various treatment regimens, their outcomes, and side-effects for trichomoniasis, among STI clinic attendees in Trinidad. A clinical trial study was designed, and after obtaining the informed consent, a routine clinical examination was conducted and the swabs for trichomoniasis tests were collected for diagnosis from the 692 participants. Out of 692 participants, 82 patients with positive diagnosis of Trichomonas infection were treated according to the patient’s choice, using different drug regimens. Compliance to treatment, side effects, and outcome were evaluated. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the population attending our STI clinic is 11.9% and prevalence of HIV is 9%. Of the total 82 participants for the treatment, 80% were females; nearly 90% of the patients belonged to age group 15–45 years, and over 60% were below 30 years. Among those diagnosed for Trichomonas vaginalis, 14.6% had coexistent HIV infection. The compliance with respect to single dose treatment was significantly better than the long-duration oral regimen and has a significant relation with side effects of the treatment. The outcome is generally better and comparable and shows no significant difference between different treatment regimens used in the study. Metronidazole and tinidazole are commonly used drugs in various regimens. Compliance is better with those treated with tinidazole and metronidazole single dose than with other groups. Outcome is comparable between these regimens, especially when combined with other important factors like abstinence and treatment of the partners. The treatment regimens mainly differed in the compliance side effects profile and duration of therapy, which suggests that to improve the compliance of the drugs with fewer side effects, short course regimen would be a preferred choice.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6836194
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68361942019-11-25 Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago Divakaruni, Aruna Kumari Mahabir, Bisram Orrett, F. A. Adidam, Sneha Rao Venkata, Srikanth Adidam Adidam, V. Chalapathi Rao Divakaruni, Srinivas Med Sci (Basel) Article Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) globally and yet is not a reportable disease. Trichomonas vaginalis is an important source of reproductive morbidity and may increase risk of acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Control Disease Center (CDC) recommend various regimens of nitroimidazole s for treatment. The common nitroimidazoles used for trichomoniasis are metronidazole and tinidazole, which vary in their cost, efficacy, and side effect profile. It is relevant to study these factors for better management of the patients. This study aimed to compare and study the efficacy, compliance of various treatment regimens, their outcomes, and side-effects for trichomoniasis, among STI clinic attendees in Trinidad. A clinical trial study was designed, and after obtaining the informed consent, a routine clinical examination was conducted and the swabs for trichomoniasis tests were collected for diagnosis from the 692 participants. Out of 692 participants, 82 patients with positive diagnosis of Trichomonas infection were treated according to the patient’s choice, using different drug regimens. Compliance to treatment, side effects, and outcome were evaluated. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in the population attending our STI clinic is 11.9% and prevalence of HIV is 9%. Of the total 82 participants for the treatment, 80% were females; nearly 90% of the patients belonged to age group 15–45 years, and over 60% were below 30 years. Among those diagnosed for Trichomonas vaginalis, 14.6% had coexistent HIV infection. The compliance with respect to single dose treatment was significantly better than the long-duration oral regimen and has a significant relation with side effects of the treatment. The outcome is generally better and comparable and shows no significant difference between different treatment regimens used in the study. Metronidazole and tinidazole are commonly used drugs in various regimens. Compliance is better with those treated with tinidazole and metronidazole single dose than with other groups. Outcome is comparable between these regimens, especially when combined with other important factors like abstinence and treatment of the partners. The treatment regimens mainly differed in the compliance side effects profile and duration of therapy, which suggests that to improve the compliance of the drugs with fewer side effects, short course regimen would be a preferred choice. MDPI 2019-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6836194/ /pubmed/31547105 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7100097 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Divakaruni, Aruna Kumari
Mahabir, Bisram
Orrett, F. A.
Adidam, Sneha Rao
Venkata, Srikanth Adidam
Adidam, V. Chalapathi Rao
Divakaruni, Srinivas
Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago
title Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago
title_full Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago
title_fullStr Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago
title_full_unstemmed Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago
title_short Compliance and Treatment Outcomes of Various Regimens for Trichomoniasis in Trinidad and Tobago
title_sort compliance and treatment outcomes of various regimens for trichomoniasis in trinidad and tobago
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6836194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547105
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7100097
work_keys_str_mv AT divakaruniarunakumari complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago
AT mahabirbisram complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago
AT orrettfa complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago
AT adidamsneharao complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago
AT venkatasrikanthadidam complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago
AT adidamvchalapathirao complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago
AT divakarunisrinivas complianceandtreatmentoutcomesofvariousregimensfortrichomoniasisintrinidadandtobago