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The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) represent a clinical and immunopathogenic continuum, called psoriatic disease, cumulatively affecting approximately 3% of the general population. Psoriatic disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and musculoskeletal system. The immun...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6836300/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31723358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720X19886505 |
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author | Frischknecht, Lukas Vecellio, Matteo Selmi, Carlo |
author_facet | Frischknecht, Lukas Vecellio, Matteo Selmi, Carlo |
author_sort | Frischknecht, Lukas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) represent a clinical and immunopathogenic continuum, called psoriatic disease, cumulatively affecting approximately 3% of the general population. Psoriatic disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and musculoskeletal system. The immuno-pathogenesis is characterized by an activation of the TNF/IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis, leading to an immunologic imbalance of T-cells resident in all affected tissues, mainly entheses. In the majority of cases, skin Ps predates rheumatological manifestations. Secondary to the higher incidence and the availability of mouse models, there is stronger data available on skin Ps, and data are, in most cases, relevant also to PsA. In a widely accepted model, environmental trigger factors like infections or trauma are capable of initiating an inflammatory cascade, ultimately creating a sustained state of chronic inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Besides well-known genetic susceptibility loci, epigenetic DNA modifications, which are associated with Ps development have been characterized recently and will be discussed in this article. The current evidence is promising in the possibility to provide new therapeutic avenues and fill the unmet need of patients, for whom current treatments either do not allow the disease to be controlled or must be continued for life. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6836300 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68363002019-11-13 The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis Frischknecht, Lukas Vecellio, Matteo Selmi, Carlo Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis Review Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) represent a clinical and immunopathogenic continuum, called psoriatic disease, cumulatively affecting approximately 3% of the general population. Psoriatic disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and musculoskeletal system. The immuno-pathogenesis is characterized by an activation of the TNF/IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis, leading to an immunologic imbalance of T-cells resident in all affected tissues, mainly entheses. In the majority of cases, skin Ps predates rheumatological manifestations. Secondary to the higher incidence and the availability of mouse models, there is stronger data available on skin Ps, and data are, in most cases, relevant also to PsA. In a widely accepted model, environmental trigger factors like infections or trauma are capable of initiating an inflammatory cascade, ultimately creating a sustained state of chronic inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Besides well-known genetic susceptibility loci, epigenetic DNA modifications, which are associated with Ps development have been characterized recently and will be discussed in this article. The current evidence is promising in the possibility to provide new therapeutic avenues and fill the unmet need of patients, for whom current treatments either do not allow the disease to be controlled or must be continued for life. SAGE Publications 2019-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6836300/ /pubmed/31723358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720X19886505 Text en © The Author(s), 2019 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Review Frischknecht, Lukas Vecellio, Matteo Selmi, Carlo The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
title | The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
title_full | The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
title_fullStr | The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
title_full_unstemmed | The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
title_short | The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
title_sort | role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6836300/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31723358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720X19886505 |
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