Conductas sexuales de riesgo y actividades preventivas frente al cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres universitarias vacunadas frente al VPH

AIM: To estimate the association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and sexual risk behaviour, as well as the participation in the Cervical Cancer Screening Program (CCSP). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LOCATION: School of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Law, and School of Economics and Business (University of Oviedo). PARTICIPANTS: Female university students. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Information was collected about contraceptive methods, sexual behaviours, HPV knowledge, and participation in the CCSP. Furthermore, proportions and odds ratio (OR) were estimated with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Approximately two-thirds (67.7%) of the sample was vaccinated against HPV, and 216 women (65.3%) were sexually active. Barrier contraceptive methods were used by 67.6% during their current intimate relationships, being less frequent in non-vaccinated women (54.9% vs. 75.4% in vaccinated female students) (P = .002). The risk of having at least one sexual risk behaviour was higher in non-vaccinated women: OR 2.29 (95% CI: 1.29-4.07). In addition, the probability of having a PAP test within the CCSP was higher in non-vaccinated women: OR 2.18 (95% CI: 1.07-4.47). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sexual risk behaviours in non-vaccinated women is elevated, and it is related to the lack of use of barrier contraceptive methods. The vaccination against HPV could affect sexual behaviours and the participation in the CCSP. Therefore, the information received by young people about contraceptive methods, sexually transmitted diseases, and cancer prevention should be reinforced.