Insuficiencia cardiaca en atención primaria: actitudes, conocimientos y autocuidado()

OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitudes, knowledge, and self-care practices in patients with heart failure (HF) in Primary Care, as well as to identify factors associated with better self-care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and multicentre study. SETTING: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects over 18 years old with HF diagnosis, attended in 10 Primary Health Care Centres in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Self-care was measured using the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, tests on attitudes (Self-efficacy Managing Chronic Disease Scale), knowledge (Patient Knowledge Questionnaire), level of autonomy (Barthel), and anxiety and depression screening (Goldberg Test), were also gathered in an interview. A multivariate mixed model stratified by centre was used to analyse the adjusted association of covariates with self-care. RESULTS: A total of 295 subjects (77.6%) agreed to participate, with a mean age of 75.6 years (SD: 11), 56.6% women, and 62% with no primary education. The mean self-care score was 28.65 (SD: 8.22), with 25% of patients scoring lower than 21 points. In the final stratified multivariate model (n = 282; R(2) conditional = 0.3382), better self-care was associated with higher knowledge (coefficient, 95% confidence interval: −1.37; −1.85 to −0.90), and coronary heart disease diagnosis (−2.41; −4.36: −0.46). CONCLUSION: Self-care was moderate. The correlation of better self-care with higher knowledge highlights the opportunity to implement strategies to improve self-care, which should consider the characteristics of heart failure patients attended in Primary Care.