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Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks
BACKGROUND: Several daily living activities require people to coordinate the motion and the force produced by both arms, using their position sense and sense of effort. However, to date, the interaction in bimanual tasks has not been extensively investigated. METHODS: (Experiment 1) to move their ha...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6839077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31703703 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0606-9 |
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author | Ballardini, Giulia Ponassi, Valentina Galofaro, Elisa Carlini, Giorgio Marini, Francesca Pellegrino, Laura Morasso, Pietro Casadio, Maura |
author_facet | Ballardini, Giulia Ponassi, Valentina Galofaro, Elisa Carlini, Giorgio Marini, Francesca Pellegrino, Laura Morasso, Pietro Casadio, Maura |
author_sort | Ballardini, Giulia |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Several daily living activities require people to coordinate the motion and the force produced by both arms, using their position sense and sense of effort. However, to date, the interaction in bimanual tasks has not been extensively investigated. METHODS: (Experiment 1) to move their hands until reaching the same position – equal hand position implied identical arm configurations in joint space - under different loading conditions; (Experiment 2) to produce the same amount of isometric force by pushing upward, with their hands placed in symmetric or asymmetric positions. The arm motions and forces required for accomplishing these tasks were in the vertical direction. We enrolled a healthy population of 20 subjects for Experiment 1 and 25 for Experiment 2. Our primary outcome was the systematic difference between the two hands at the end of each trial in terms of position for Experiment 1 and force for Experiment 2. In both experiments using repeated measure ANOVA we evaluated the effect of each specific condition, namely loading in the former case and hand configuration in the latter. RESULTS: In the first experiment, the difference between the hands’ positions was greater when they were concurrently loaded with different weights. Conversely, in the second experiment, when subjects were asked to exert equal forces with both arms, the systematic difference between left and right force was not influenced by symmetric or asymmetric arm configurations, but by the position of the left hand, regardless of the right hand position. The performance was better when the left hand was in the higher position. CONCLUSIONS: The experiments report the reciprocal interaction between position sense and sense of effort inbimanual tasks performed by healthy subjects. Apart for the intrinsic interest for a better understanding of basic sensorimotor processes, the results are also relevant to clinical applications, for defining functional evaluation and rehabilitative protocols for people with neurological diseases or conditions that impair the ability to sense and control concurrently position and force. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6839077 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68390772019-11-12 Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks Ballardini, Giulia Ponassi, Valentina Galofaro, Elisa Carlini, Giorgio Marini, Francesca Pellegrino, Laura Morasso, Pietro Casadio, Maura J Neuroeng Rehabil Research BACKGROUND: Several daily living activities require people to coordinate the motion and the force produced by both arms, using their position sense and sense of effort. However, to date, the interaction in bimanual tasks has not been extensively investigated. METHODS: (Experiment 1) to move their hands until reaching the same position – equal hand position implied identical arm configurations in joint space - under different loading conditions; (Experiment 2) to produce the same amount of isometric force by pushing upward, with their hands placed in symmetric or asymmetric positions. The arm motions and forces required for accomplishing these tasks were in the vertical direction. We enrolled a healthy population of 20 subjects for Experiment 1 and 25 for Experiment 2. Our primary outcome was the systematic difference between the two hands at the end of each trial in terms of position for Experiment 1 and force for Experiment 2. In both experiments using repeated measure ANOVA we evaluated the effect of each specific condition, namely loading in the former case and hand configuration in the latter. RESULTS: In the first experiment, the difference between the hands’ positions was greater when they were concurrently loaded with different weights. Conversely, in the second experiment, when subjects were asked to exert equal forces with both arms, the systematic difference between left and right force was not influenced by symmetric or asymmetric arm configurations, but by the position of the left hand, regardless of the right hand position. The performance was better when the left hand was in the higher position. CONCLUSIONS: The experiments report the reciprocal interaction between position sense and sense of effort inbimanual tasks performed by healthy subjects. Apart for the intrinsic interest for a better understanding of basic sensorimotor processes, the results are also relevant to clinical applications, for defining functional evaluation and rehabilitative protocols for people with neurological diseases or conditions that impair the ability to sense and control concurrently position and force. BioMed Central 2019-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6839077/ /pubmed/31703703 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0606-9 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Ballardini, Giulia Ponassi, Valentina Galofaro, Elisa Carlini, Giorgio Marini, Francesca Pellegrino, Laura Morasso, Pietro Casadio, Maura Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
title | Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
title_full | Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
title_fullStr | Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
title_full_unstemmed | Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
title_short | Interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
title_sort | interaction between position sense and force control in bimanual tasks |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6839077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31703703 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0606-9 |
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