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A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings

BACKGROUND: Although high protein diets have been tested in controlled environments for applications to weight management, it is not understood if adding high protein foods to the diet would impact ad libitum energy balance in the absence of other lifestyle changes. METHODS: This double-blinded rand...

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Autores principales: Gibson, Madeline J., Dawson, John A., Wijayatunga, Nadeeja N., Ironuma, Bridget, Chatindiara, Idah, Ovalle, Fernando, Allison, David B., Dhurandhar, Emily J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6842484/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31706311
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0497-4
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author Gibson, Madeline J.
Dawson, John A.
Wijayatunga, Nadeeja N.
Ironuma, Bridget
Chatindiara, Idah
Ovalle, Fernando
Allison, David B.
Dhurandhar, Emily J.
author_facet Gibson, Madeline J.
Dawson, John A.
Wijayatunga, Nadeeja N.
Ironuma, Bridget
Chatindiara, Idah
Ovalle, Fernando
Allison, David B.
Dhurandhar, Emily J.
author_sort Gibson, Madeline J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Although high protein diets have been tested in controlled environments for applications to weight management, it is not understood if adding high protein foods to the diet would impact ad libitum energy balance in the absence of other lifestyle changes. METHODS: This double-blinded randomized crossover trial compared the effects of a protein shake (PS) to a carbohydrate shake (CS), consumed prior to each major meal to equate to 20% of total energy needs over the course of the day, on energy balance over two 5-day treatment periods in healthy adults with BMI 20–30 kg/m2. Tri-axial accelerometers estimated physical activity energy expenditure. Ad libitum energy intake was measured in a laboratory kitchen. RESULTS: Energy balance was positive during both treatment periods but was not different between periods. There were no interactions between treatment and preload caloric dose or treatment and BMI status on energy balance. Satiety ratings did not differ for any pairwise comparisons between treatment and caloric dose. Controlling for gender and basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food was greater for PS than CS. CONCLUSIONS: Preload periods significantly altered the macronutrient composition of the overall diet. This study found limited evidence that carbohydrate or protein preloads have differential effects on energy balance in short-term ad libitum settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was pre-registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02613065 on 11/30/2015.
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spelling pubmed-68424842019-11-14 A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings Gibson, Madeline J. Dawson, John A. Wijayatunga, Nadeeja N. Ironuma, Bridget Chatindiara, Idah Ovalle, Fernando Allison, David B. Dhurandhar, Emily J. Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Although high protein diets have been tested in controlled environments for applications to weight management, it is not understood if adding high protein foods to the diet would impact ad libitum energy balance in the absence of other lifestyle changes. METHODS: This double-blinded randomized crossover trial compared the effects of a protein shake (PS) to a carbohydrate shake (CS), consumed prior to each major meal to equate to 20% of total energy needs over the course of the day, on energy balance over two 5-day treatment periods in healthy adults with BMI 20–30 kg/m2. Tri-axial accelerometers estimated physical activity energy expenditure. Ad libitum energy intake was measured in a laboratory kitchen. RESULTS: Energy balance was positive during both treatment periods but was not different between periods. There were no interactions between treatment and preload caloric dose or treatment and BMI status on energy balance. Satiety ratings did not differ for any pairwise comparisons between treatment and caloric dose. Controlling for gender and basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food was greater for PS than CS. CONCLUSIONS: Preload periods significantly altered the macronutrient composition of the overall diet. This study found limited evidence that carbohydrate or protein preloads have differential effects on energy balance in short-term ad libitum settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was pre-registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02613065 on 11/30/2015. BioMed Central 2019-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6842484/ /pubmed/31706311 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0497-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Gibson, Madeline J.
Dawson, John A.
Wijayatunga, Nadeeja N.
Ironuma, Bridget
Chatindiara, Idah
Ovalle, Fernando
Allison, David B.
Dhurandhar, Emily J.
A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
title A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
title_full A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
title_fullStr A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
title_full_unstemmed A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
title_short A randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
title_sort randomized cross-over trial to determine the effect of a protein vs. carbohydrate preload on energy balance in ad libitum settings
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6842484/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31706311
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0497-4
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