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Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae
Highly evolved carnivorous plants secrete digestive enzymes for degradation of trapped animals and absorb whole macromolecules from their prey by means of endocytosis. (1) Background: In the pitcher-plant family Sarraceniaceae, the production of enzymes is dubious and no evidence for endocytosis is...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31554185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100367 |
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author | Koller-Peroutka, Marianne Krammer, Stefanie Pavlik, Anselm Edlinger, Manfred Lang, Ingeborg Adlassnig, Wolfram |
author_facet | Koller-Peroutka, Marianne Krammer, Stefanie Pavlik, Anselm Edlinger, Manfred Lang, Ingeborg Adlassnig, Wolfram |
author_sort | Koller-Peroutka, Marianne |
collection | PubMed |
description | Highly evolved carnivorous plants secrete digestive enzymes for degradation of trapped animals and absorb whole macromolecules from their prey by means of endocytosis. (1) Background: In the pitcher-plant family Sarraceniaceae, the production of enzymes is dubious and no evidence for endocytosis is known so far. (2) Methods: Heliamphora nutans, Darlingtonia californica, and nine taxa of Sarracenia are tested for cuticular pores, and for protease and endocytosis of the fluorescent protein analogue FITC-BSA, after 10–48 h of stimulation. (3) Results: Cuticular pores as a prerequisite for enzyme secretion and nutrient uptake are present in all tested species. Permeable cells form clusters in the inner epidermis of the pitchers, but are only little differentiated from impermeable epidermis cells. Proteases are found in S. psittacina, S. leucophylla, S. minor, S. oreophila, S. alabamensis, H. nutans, D. californica lacking only in S. flava and in S. purpurea ssp. purpurea, S. purpurea ssp. venosa, S. rosea, where enzyme production is possibly replaced by degradation via the extraordinary diverse inquiline fauna. S. leucophylla, S. minor, S. oreophila exhibit both protease production and endocytosis; S. psittacina, S. alabamensis, H. nutans, D. californica produce proteases only; no single species shows endocytosis without protease production. (4) Conclusions: Protease secretion seems to be a prerequisite for endocytotic nutrient uptake. Transport of FITC-BSA absorbed by endocytosis towards the vascular tissue of the trap leaves suggests that endocytosis of nutrients is more than a side effect of enzyme secretion. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6843295 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68432952019-11-25 Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae Koller-Peroutka, Marianne Krammer, Stefanie Pavlik, Anselm Edlinger, Manfred Lang, Ingeborg Adlassnig, Wolfram Plants (Basel) Article Highly evolved carnivorous plants secrete digestive enzymes for degradation of trapped animals and absorb whole macromolecules from their prey by means of endocytosis. (1) Background: In the pitcher-plant family Sarraceniaceae, the production of enzymes is dubious and no evidence for endocytosis is known so far. (2) Methods: Heliamphora nutans, Darlingtonia californica, and nine taxa of Sarracenia are tested for cuticular pores, and for protease and endocytosis of the fluorescent protein analogue FITC-BSA, after 10–48 h of stimulation. (3) Results: Cuticular pores as a prerequisite for enzyme secretion and nutrient uptake are present in all tested species. Permeable cells form clusters in the inner epidermis of the pitchers, but are only little differentiated from impermeable epidermis cells. Proteases are found in S. psittacina, S. leucophylla, S. minor, S. oreophila, S. alabamensis, H. nutans, D. californica lacking only in S. flava and in S. purpurea ssp. purpurea, S. purpurea ssp. venosa, S. rosea, where enzyme production is possibly replaced by degradation via the extraordinary diverse inquiline fauna. S. leucophylla, S. minor, S. oreophila exhibit both protease production and endocytosis; S. psittacina, S. alabamensis, H. nutans, D. californica produce proteases only; no single species shows endocytosis without protease production. (4) Conclusions: Protease secretion seems to be a prerequisite for endocytotic nutrient uptake. Transport of FITC-BSA absorbed by endocytosis towards the vascular tissue of the trap leaves suggests that endocytosis of nutrients is more than a side effect of enzyme secretion. MDPI 2019-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6843295/ /pubmed/31554185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100367 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Koller-Peroutka, Marianne Krammer, Stefanie Pavlik, Anselm Edlinger, Manfred Lang, Ingeborg Adlassnig, Wolfram Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae |
title | Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae |
title_full | Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae |
title_fullStr | Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae |
title_full_unstemmed | Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae |
title_short | Endocytosis and Digestion in Carnivorous Pitcher Plants of the Family Sarraceniaceae |
title_sort | endocytosis and digestion in carnivorous pitcher plants of the family sarraceniaceae |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31554185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100367 |
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