Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Ampelopsis humulifolia and Ampelopsis japonica: Molecular Structure, Comparative Analysis, and Phylogenetic Analysis

Ampelopsis humulifolia (A. humulifolia) and Ampelopsis japonica (A. japonica), which belong to the family Vitaceae, are valuably used as medicinal plants. The chloroplast (cp) genomes have been recognized as a convincing data for marker selection and phylogenetic studies. Therefore, in this study we reported the complete cp genome sequences of two Ampelopsis species. Results showed that the cp genomes of A. humulifolia and A. japonica were 161,724 and 161,430 bp in length, respectively, with 37.3% guanine-cytosine (GC) content. A total of 114 unique genes were identified in each cp genome, comprising 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. We determined 95 and 99 small sequence repeats (SSRs) in A. humulifolia and A. japonica, respectively. The location and distribution of long repeats in the two cp genomes were identified. A highly divergent region of psbZ (Photosystem II reaction center protein Z) -trnG (tRNA-Glycine) was found and could be treated as a potential marker for Vitaceae, and then the corresponding primers were designed. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that Vitis was closer to Tetrastigma than Ampelopsis. In general, this study provides valuable genetic resources for DNA barcoding marker identification and phylogenetic analyses of Ampelopsis.