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The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient with many functional roles in plant metabolism. Manganese acts as an activator and co-factor of hundreds of metalloenzymes in plants. Because of its ability to readily change oxidation state in biological systems, Mn plays and important role in a broad ra...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569811 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100381 |
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author | Schmidt, Sidsel Birkelund Husted, Søren |
author_facet | Schmidt, Sidsel Birkelund Husted, Søren |
author_sort | Schmidt, Sidsel Birkelund |
collection | PubMed |
description | Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient with many functional roles in plant metabolism. Manganese acts as an activator and co-factor of hundreds of metalloenzymes in plants. Because of its ability to readily change oxidation state in biological systems, Mn plays and important role in a broad range of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, including redox reactions, phosphorylation, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis. Manganese(II) is the prevalent oxidation state of Mn in plants and exhibits fast ligand exchange kinetics, which means that Mn can often be substituted by other metal ions, such as Mg(II), which has similar ion characteristics and requirements to the ligand environment of the metal binding sites. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms catalyzed by Mn and regulation of Mn insertion into the active site of Mn-dependent enzymes, in the presence of other metals, is gradually evolving. This review presents an overview of the chemistry and biochemistry of Mn in plants, including an updated list of known Mn-dependent enzymes, together with enzymes where Mn has been shown to exchange with other metal ions. Furthermore, the current knowledge of the structure and functional role of the three most well characterized Mn-containing metalloenzymes in plants; the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II, Mn superoxide dismutase, and oxalate oxidase is summarized. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6843630 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68436302019-11-25 The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants Schmidt, Sidsel Birkelund Husted, Søren Plants (Basel) Review Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient with many functional roles in plant metabolism. Manganese acts as an activator and co-factor of hundreds of metalloenzymes in plants. Because of its ability to readily change oxidation state in biological systems, Mn plays and important role in a broad range of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, including redox reactions, phosphorylation, decarboxylation, and hydrolysis. Manganese(II) is the prevalent oxidation state of Mn in plants and exhibits fast ligand exchange kinetics, which means that Mn can often be substituted by other metal ions, such as Mg(II), which has similar ion characteristics and requirements to the ligand environment of the metal binding sites. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms catalyzed by Mn and regulation of Mn insertion into the active site of Mn-dependent enzymes, in the presence of other metals, is gradually evolving. This review presents an overview of the chemistry and biochemistry of Mn in plants, including an updated list of known Mn-dependent enzymes, together with enzymes where Mn has been shown to exchange with other metal ions. Furthermore, the current knowledge of the structure and functional role of the three most well characterized Mn-containing metalloenzymes in plants; the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II, Mn superoxide dismutase, and oxalate oxidase is summarized. MDPI 2019-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6843630/ /pubmed/31569811 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100381 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Schmidt, Sidsel Birkelund Husted, Søren The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants |
title | The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants |
title_full | The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants |
title_fullStr | The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants |
title_full_unstemmed | The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants |
title_short | The Biochemical Properties of Manganese in Plants |
title_sort | biochemical properties of manganese in plants |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569811 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100381 |
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