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External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running
Muscle and kidney injury in endurance athletes is worrying for health, and its relationship with physical external workload (eWL) needs to be explored. This study aimed to analyze which eWL indexes have more influence on muscle and kidney injury biomarkers. 20 well-trained trail runners (age = 38.95...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843759/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31618865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203909 |
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author | Rojas-Valverde, Daniel Sánchez-Ureña, Braulio Pino-Ortega, José Gómez-Carmona, Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall Timón, Rafael Olcina, Guillermo |
author_facet | Rojas-Valverde, Daniel Sánchez-Ureña, Braulio Pino-Ortega, José Gómez-Carmona, Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall Timón, Rafael Olcina, Guillermo |
author_sort | Rojas-Valverde, Daniel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Muscle and kidney injury in endurance athletes is worrying for health, and its relationship with physical external workload (eWL) needs to be explored. This study aimed to analyze which eWL indexes have more influence on muscle and kidney injury biomarkers. 20 well-trained trail runners (age = 38.95 ± 9.99 years) ran ~35.27 km (thermal-index = 23.2 ± 1.8 °C, cumulative-ascend = 1815 m) wearing inertial measurement units (IMU) in six different spots (malleolus peroneus [MP(left)/MP(right)], vastus lateralis [VL(left)/VL(right)], lumbar [L(1)–L(3)], thoracic [T(2)–T(4)]) for eWL measuring using a special suit. Muscle and kidney injury serum biomarkers (creatin-kinase [sCK], creatinine (sCr), ureic-nitrogen (sBUN), albumin [sALB]) were assessed pre-, -post(0h) and post(24h). A principal component (PC) analysis was performed in each IMU spot to extract the main variables that could explain eWL variance. After extraction, PC factors were inputted in multiple regression analysis to explain biomarkers delta change percentage (Δ%). sCK, sCr, sBUN, sALB presented large differences (p < 0.05) between measurements (pre < post(24h) < post(0h)). PC’s explained 77.5–86.5% of total eWL variance. sCK Δ% was predicted in 40 to 47% by L(1)–L(3) and MP(left); sCr Δ% in 27% to 45% by L(1)–L(3) and MP(left); and sBUN Δ% in 38%-40% by MP(right) and MP(left). These findings could lead to a better comprehension of how eWL (impacts, player load and approximated entropy) could predict acute kidney and muscle injury. These findings support the new hypothesis of mechanical kidney injury during trail running based on L(1)–L(3) external workload data. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6843759 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68437592019-11-25 External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running Rojas-Valverde, Daniel Sánchez-Ureña, Braulio Pino-Ortega, José Gómez-Carmona, Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall Timón, Rafael Olcina, Guillermo Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Muscle and kidney injury in endurance athletes is worrying for health, and its relationship with physical external workload (eWL) needs to be explored. This study aimed to analyze which eWL indexes have more influence on muscle and kidney injury biomarkers. 20 well-trained trail runners (age = 38.95 ± 9.99 years) ran ~35.27 km (thermal-index = 23.2 ± 1.8 °C, cumulative-ascend = 1815 m) wearing inertial measurement units (IMU) in six different spots (malleolus peroneus [MP(left)/MP(right)], vastus lateralis [VL(left)/VL(right)], lumbar [L(1)–L(3)], thoracic [T(2)–T(4)]) for eWL measuring using a special suit. Muscle and kidney injury serum biomarkers (creatin-kinase [sCK], creatinine (sCr), ureic-nitrogen (sBUN), albumin [sALB]) were assessed pre-, -post(0h) and post(24h). A principal component (PC) analysis was performed in each IMU spot to extract the main variables that could explain eWL variance. After extraction, PC factors were inputted in multiple regression analysis to explain biomarkers delta change percentage (Δ%). sCK, sCr, sBUN, sALB presented large differences (p < 0.05) between measurements (pre < post(24h) < post(0h)). PC’s explained 77.5–86.5% of total eWL variance. sCK Δ% was predicted in 40 to 47% by L(1)–L(3) and MP(left); sCr Δ% in 27% to 45% by L(1)–L(3) and MP(left); and sBUN Δ% in 38%-40% by MP(right) and MP(left). These findings could lead to a better comprehension of how eWL (impacts, player load and approximated entropy) could predict acute kidney and muscle injury. These findings support the new hypothesis of mechanical kidney injury during trail running based on L(1)–L(3) external workload data. MDPI 2019-10-15 2019-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6843759/ /pubmed/31618865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203909 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rojas-Valverde, Daniel Sánchez-Ureña, Braulio Pino-Ortega, José Gómez-Carmona, Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall Timón, Rafael Olcina, Guillermo External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running |
title | External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running |
title_full | External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running |
title_fullStr | External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running |
title_full_unstemmed | External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running |
title_short | External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running |
title_sort | external workload indicators of muscle and kidney mechanical injury in endurance trail running |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843759/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31618865 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203909 |
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