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Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016
As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of m...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31635413 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203995 |
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author | Chen, Linhong Zhuo, Yue Xu, Zhiming Xu, Xiaocang Gao, Xin |
author_facet | Chen, Linhong Zhuo, Yue Xu, Zhiming Xu, Xiaocang Gao, Xin |
author_sort | Chen, Linhong |
collection | PubMed |
description | As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6843970 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68439702019-11-18 Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 Chen, Linhong Zhuo, Yue Xu, Zhiming Xu, Xiaocang Gao, Xin Int J Environ Res Public Health Article As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic. MDPI 2019-10-18 2019-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6843970/ /pubmed/31635413 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203995 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Linhong Zhuo, Yue Xu, Zhiming Xu, Xiaocang Gao, Xin Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 |
title | Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 |
title_full | Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 |
title_fullStr | Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 |
title_full_unstemmed | Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 |
title_short | Is Carbon Dioxide (CO(2)) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016 |
title_sort | is carbon dioxide (co(2)) emission an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure? evidence from china, 2005–2016 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31635413 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203995 |
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