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Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates

Trace amines (TAs) in the mammalian brain have been investigated for four decades. Trace amine‐associated receptors (TAARs) were discovered during the search for receptors activated by TAs. TAARs are considered a second class of vertebrate olfactory receptors and successfully proliferated in conjunc...

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Autor principal: Eyun, Seong‐il
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6849804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30536583
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12543
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author Eyun, Seong‐il
author_facet Eyun, Seong‐il
author_sort Eyun, Seong‐il
collection PubMed
description Trace amines (TAs) in the mammalian brain have been investigated for four decades. Trace amine‐associated receptors (TAARs) were discovered during the search for receptors activated by TAs. TAARs are considered a second class of vertebrate olfactory receptors and successfully proliferated in conjunction with adaptation to living on the ground to detect carnivore odors. Thus, therian mammals have a high number of TAAR genes due to rapid species‐specific gene duplications. In primate lineages, however, their genomes have significantly smaller numbers of TAAR genes than do other mammals. To elucidate the evolutionary force driving these patterns, exhaustive data mining of TAAR genes was performed for 13 primate genomes (covering all four infraorders) and two nonprimate euarchontan genomes. This study identified a large number of pseudogenes in many of these primate genomes and thus investigated the pseudogenization event process for the TAAR repertoires. The degeneration of TAARs is likely associated with arboreal inhabitants reducing their exposure to carnivores, and this was accelerated by the change in the nose shape of haplorhines after their divergence from strepsirrhines. Arboreal life may have decreased the reliance on the chemosensing of predators, suggestive of leading to the depauperation of TAAR subfamilies. The evolutionary deterioration of TAARs in primates has been reestablished in recently derived primates due to high selection pressure and probably functional diversity.
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spelling pubmed-68498042019-11-15 Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates Eyun, Seong‐il Genes Brain Behav Original Articles Trace amines (TAs) in the mammalian brain have been investigated for four decades. Trace amine‐associated receptors (TAARs) were discovered during the search for receptors activated by TAs. TAARs are considered a second class of vertebrate olfactory receptors and successfully proliferated in conjunction with adaptation to living on the ground to detect carnivore odors. Thus, therian mammals have a high number of TAAR genes due to rapid species‐specific gene duplications. In primate lineages, however, their genomes have significantly smaller numbers of TAAR genes than do other mammals. To elucidate the evolutionary force driving these patterns, exhaustive data mining of TAAR genes was performed for 13 primate genomes (covering all four infraorders) and two nonprimate euarchontan genomes. This study identified a large number of pseudogenes in many of these primate genomes and thus investigated the pseudogenization event process for the TAAR repertoires. The degeneration of TAARs is likely associated with arboreal inhabitants reducing their exposure to carnivores, and this was accelerated by the change in the nose shape of haplorhines after their divergence from strepsirrhines. Arboreal life may have decreased the reliance on the chemosensing of predators, suggestive of leading to the depauperation of TAAR subfamilies. The evolutionary deterioration of TAARs in primates has been reestablished in recently derived primates due to high selection pressure and probably functional diversity. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2019-01-09 2019-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6849804/ /pubmed/30536583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12543 Text en © 2018 The Author. Genes, Brain and Behavior published by International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Eyun, Seong‐il
Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
title Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
title_full Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
title_fullStr Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
title_full_unstemmed Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
title_short Accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
title_sort accelerated pseudogenization of trace amine‐associated receptor genes in primates
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6849804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30536583
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12543
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