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What is the real cardiac anatomy?

The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these details is a pre‐requisite for the subsequent understanding of clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. A recent pu...

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Autores principales: Mori, Shumpei, Tretter, Justin T., Spicer, Diane E., Bolender, David L., Anderson, Robert H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6849845/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23340
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author Mori, Shumpei
Tretter, Justin T.
Spicer, Diane E.
Bolender, David L.
Anderson, Robert H.
author_facet Mori, Shumpei
Tretter, Justin T.
Spicer, Diane E.
Bolender, David L.
Anderson, Robert H.
author_sort Mori, Shumpei
collection PubMed
description The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these details is a pre‐requisite for the subsequent understanding of clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. A recent publication promoted the benefits of virtual reconstructions in facilitating the initial understanding achieved by medical students. If such teaching is to achieve its greatest value, the datasets used to provide the virtual images should themselves be anatomically accurate. They should also take note of a basic rule of human anatomy, namely that components of all organs should be described as they are normally situated within the body. It is almost universal at present for textbooks of anatomy to illustrate the heart as if removed from the body and positioned on its apex, the so‐called Valentine situation. In the years prior to the emergence of interventional techniques to treat cardiac diseases, this approach was of limited significance. Nowadays, therapeutic interventions are commonplace worldwide. Advances in three‐dimensional imaging technology, furthermore, now mean that the separate components of the heart can readily be segmented, and then shown in attitudinally appropriate fashion. In this review, we demonstrate how such virtual dissection of computed tomographic datasets in attitudinally appropriate fashion reveals the true details of cardiac anatomy. The virtual approach to teaching the arrangement of the cardiac components has much to commend it. If it is to be used, nonetheless, the anatomical details on which the reconstructions are based must be accurate. Clin. Anat. 32:288–309, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
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spelling pubmed-68498452019-11-15 What is the real cardiac anatomy? Mori, Shumpei Tretter, Justin T. Spicer, Diane E. Bolender, David L. Anderson, Robert H. Clin Anat Reviews The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these details is a pre‐requisite for the subsequent understanding of clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. A recent publication promoted the benefits of virtual reconstructions in facilitating the initial understanding achieved by medical students. If such teaching is to achieve its greatest value, the datasets used to provide the virtual images should themselves be anatomically accurate. They should also take note of a basic rule of human anatomy, namely that components of all organs should be described as they are normally situated within the body. It is almost universal at present for textbooks of anatomy to illustrate the heart as if removed from the body and positioned on its apex, the so‐called Valentine situation. In the years prior to the emergence of interventional techniques to treat cardiac diseases, this approach was of limited significance. Nowadays, therapeutic interventions are commonplace worldwide. Advances in three‐dimensional imaging technology, furthermore, now mean that the separate components of the heart can readily be segmented, and then shown in attitudinally appropriate fashion. In this review, we demonstrate how such virtual dissection of computed tomographic datasets in attitudinally appropriate fashion reveals the true details of cardiac anatomy. The virtual approach to teaching the arrangement of the cardiac components has much to commend it. If it is to be used, nonetheless, the anatomical details on which the reconstructions are based must be accurate. Clin. Anat. 32:288–309, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-02-13 2019-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6849845/ /pubmed/30675928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23340 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Reviews
Mori, Shumpei
Tretter, Justin T.
Spicer, Diane E.
Bolender, David L.
Anderson, Robert H.
What is the real cardiac anatomy?
title What is the real cardiac anatomy?
title_full What is the real cardiac anatomy?
title_fullStr What is the real cardiac anatomy?
title_full_unstemmed What is the real cardiac anatomy?
title_short What is the real cardiac anatomy?
title_sort what is the real cardiac anatomy?
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6849845/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30675928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23340
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