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Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise

INTRODUCTION: The components of minute ventilation, respiratory frequency and tidal volume, appear differentially regulated and thereby afford unique insight into the ventilatory response to exercise. However, respiratory frequency and tidal volume are infrequently reported, and have not previously...

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Autores principales: Lindheimer, Jacob B., Cook, Dane B., Klein-Adams, Jacquelyn C., Qian, Wei, Hill, Helene Z., Lange, Gudrun, Ndirangu, Duncan S., Wylie, Glenn R., Falvo, Michael J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6850551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31714907
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224833
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author Lindheimer, Jacob B.
Cook, Dane B.
Klein-Adams, Jacquelyn C.
Qian, Wei
Hill, Helene Z.
Lange, Gudrun
Ndirangu, Duncan S.
Wylie, Glenn R.
Falvo, Michael J.
author_facet Lindheimer, Jacob B.
Cook, Dane B.
Klein-Adams, Jacquelyn C.
Qian, Wei
Hill, Helene Z.
Lange, Gudrun
Ndirangu, Duncan S.
Wylie, Glenn R.
Falvo, Michael J.
author_sort Lindheimer, Jacob B.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The components of minute ventilation, respiratory frequency and tidal volume, appear differentially regulated and thereby afford unique insight into the ventilatory response to exercise. However, respiratory frequency and tidal volume are infrequently reported, and have not previously been considered among military veterans with Gulf War Illness. Our purpose was to evaluate respiratory frequency and tidal volume in response to a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in individuals with and without Gulf War Illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 cases with Gulf War Illness and 14 controls participated in this study and performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Ventilatory variables (minute ventilation, respiratory frequency and tidal volume) were obtained and normalized to peak exercise capacity. Using mixed-design analysis of variance models, with group and time as factors, we analyzed exercise ventilatory patterns for the entire sample and for 11 subjects from each group matched for race, age, sex, and height. RESULTS: Despite similar minute ventilation (p = 0.57, η(2)(p) = 0.01), tidal volume was greater (p = 0.02, η(2)(p) = 0.16) and respiratory frequency was lower (p = 0.004, η(2)(p) = 0.24) in Veterans with Gulf War Illness than controls. The findings for respiratory frequency remained significant in the matched subgroup (p = 0.004, η(2)(p) = 0.35). CONCLUSION: In our sample, veterans with Gulf War Illness adopt a unique exercise ventilatory pattern characterized by reduced respiratory frequency, despite similar ventilation relative to controls. Although the mechanism(s) by which this pattern is achieved remains unresolved, our findings suggest that the components of ventilation should be considered when evaluating clinical conditions with unexplained exertional symptoms.
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spelling pubmed-68505512019-11-22 Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise Lindheimer, Jacob B. Cook, Dane B. Klein-Adams, Jacquelyn C. Qian, Wei Hill, Helene Z. Lange, Gudrun Ndirangu, Duncan S. Wylie, Glenn R. Falvo, Michael J. PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: The components of minute ventilation, respiratory frequency and tidal volume, appear differentially regulated and thereby afford unique insight into the ventilatory response to exercise. However, respiratory frequency and tidal volume are infrequently reported, and have not previously been considered among military veterans with Gulf War Illness. Our purpose was to evaluate respiratory frequency and tidal volume in response to a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in individuals with and without Gulf War Illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 cases with Gulf War Illness and 14 controls participated in this study and performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Ventilatory variables (minute ventilation, respiratory frequency and tidal volume) were obtained and normalized to peak exercise capacity. Using mixed-design analysis of variance models, with group and time as factors, we analyzed exercise ventilatory patterns for the entire sample and for 11 subjects from each group matched for race, age, sex, and height. RESULTS: Despite similar minute ventilation (p = 0.57, η(2)(p) = 0.01), tidal volume was greater (p = 0.02, η(2)(p) = 0.16) and respiratory frequency was lower (p = 0.004, η(2)(p) = 0.24) in Veterans with Gulf War Illness than controls. The findings for respiratory frequency remained significant in the matched subgroup (p = 0.004, η(2)(p) = 0.35). CONCLUSION: In our sample, veterans with Gulf War Illness adopt a unique exercise ventilatory pattern characterized by reduced respiratory frequency, despite similar ventilation relative to controls. Although the mechanism(s) by which this pattern is achieved remains unresolved, our findings suggest that the components of ventilation should be considered when evaluating clinical conditions with unexplained exertional symptoms. Public Library of Science 2019-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6850551/ /pubmed/31714907 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224833 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lindheimer, Jacob B.
Cook, Dane B.
Klein-Adams, Jacquelyn C.
Qian, Wei
Hill, Helene Z.
Lange, Gudrun
Ndirangu, Duncan S.
Wylie, Glenn R.
Falvo, Michael J.
Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
title Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
title_full Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
title_fullStr Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
title_full_unstemmed Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
title_short Veterans with Gulf War Illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
title_sort veterans with gulf war illness exhibit distinct respiratory patterns during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6850551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31714907
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224833
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