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Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata
BACKGROUND: Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apolipoproteins in species remains unclear. Nine human apolipoproteins and well-an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6854765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31722659 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1519-8 |
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author | Liu, Jia-Qian Li, Wen-Xing Zheng, Jun-Juan Tian, Qing-Nan Huang, Jing-Fei Dai, Shao-Xing |
author_facet | Liu, Jia-Qian Li, Wen-Xing Zheng, Jun-Juan Tian, Qing-Nan Huang, Jing-Fei Dai, Shao-Xing |
author_sort | Liu, Jia-Qian |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apolipoproteins in species remains unclear. Nine human apolipoproteins and well-annotated genome data of 30 species were used to identify 210 apolipoprotein family members distributed among species from fish to humans. Our study focused on the evolution of nine exchangeable apolipoproteins (ApoA-I/II/IV/V, ApoC-I~IV and ApoE) from Chondrichthyes, Holostei, Teleostei, Amphibia, Sauria (including Aves), Prototheria, Marsupialia and Eutheria. RESULTS: In this study, we reported the overall distribution and the frequent gain and loss evolutionary events of apolipoprotein family members in vertebrata. Phylogenetic trees of orthologous apolipoproteins indicated evident divergence between species evolution and apolipoprotein phylogeny. Successive gain and loss events were found by evaluating the presence and absence of apolipoproteins in the context of species evolution. For example, only ApoA-I and ApoA-IV occurred in cartilaginous fish as ancient apolipoproteins. ApoA-II, ApoE, and ApoC-I/ApoC-II were found in Holostei, Coelacanthiformes, and Teleostei, respectively, but the latter three apolipoproteins were absent from Aves. ApoC-I was also absent from Cetartiodactyla. The apolipoprotein ApoC-III emerged in terrestrial animals, and ApoC-IV first arose in Eutheria. The results indicate that the order of the emergence of apolipoproteins is most likely ApoA-I/ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoA-II, ApoC-I/ApoC-II, ApoA-V, ApoC-III, and ApoC-IV. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals not only the phylogeny of apolipoprotein family members in species from Chondrichthyes to Eutheria but also the occurrence and origin of new apolipoproteins. The broad perspective of gain and loss events and the evolutionary scenario of apolipoproteins across vertebrata provide a significant reference for the research of apolipoprotein function and related diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6854765 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68547652019-11-21 Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata Liu, Jia-Qian Li, Wen-Xing Zheng, Jun-Juan Tian, Qing-Nan Huang, Jing-Fei Dai, Shao-Xing BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apolipoproteins in species remains unclear. Nine human apolipoproteins and well-annotated genome data of 30 species were used to identify 210 apolipoprotein family members distributed among species from fish to humans. Our study focused on the evolution of nine exchangeable apolipoproteins (ApoA-I/II/IV/V, ApoC-I~IV and ApoE) from Chondrichthyes, Holostei, Teleostei, Amphibia, Sauria (including Aves), Prototheria, Marsupialia and Eutheria. RESULTS: In this study, we reported the overall distribution and the frequent gain and loss evolutionary events of apolipoprotein family members in vertebrata. Phylogenetic trees of orthologous apolipoproteins indicated evident divergence between species evolution and apolipoprotein phylogeny. Successive gain and loss events were found by evaluating the presence and absence of apolipoproteins in the context of species evolution. For example, only ApoA-I and ApoA-IV occurred in cartilaginous fish as ancient apolipoproteins. ApoA-II, ApoE, and ApoC-I/ApoC-II were found in Holostei, Coelacanthiformes, and Teleostei, respectively, but the latter three apolipoproteins were absent from Aves. ApoC-I was also absent from Cetartiodactyla. The apolipoprotein ApoC-III emerged in terrestrial animals, and ApoC-IV first arose in Eutheria. The results indicate that the order of the emergence of apolipoproteins is most likely ApoA-I/ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoA-II, ApoC-I/ApoC-II, ApoA-V, ApoC-III, and ApoC-IV. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals not only the phylogeny of apolipoprotein family members in species from Chondrichthyes to Eutheria but also the occurrence and origin of new apolipoproteins. The broad perspective of gain and loss events and the evolutionary scenario of apolipoproteins across vertebrata provide a significant reference for the research of apolipoprotein function and related diseases. BioMed Central 2019-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6854765/ /pubmed/31722659 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1519-8 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Liu, Jia-Qian Li, Wen-Xing Zheng, Jun-Juan Tian, Qing-Nan Huang, Jing-Fei Dai, Shao-Xing Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
title | Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
title_full | Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
title_fullStr | Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
title_full_unstemmed | Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
title_short | Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
title_sort | gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6854765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31722659 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1519-8 |
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