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Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of diseases characterized by defective glucose metabolism, is the most widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 400 million adults worldwide. This pathological condition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of central encephalopathies and peripheral...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856011/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31787891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00302 |
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author | Sergi, Domenico Renaud, Justine Simola, Nicola Martinoli, Maria-Grazia |
author_facet | Sergi, Domenico Renaud, Justine Simola, Nicola Martinoli, Maria-Grazia |
author_sort | Sergi, Domenico |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of diseases characterized by defective glucose metabolism, is the most widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 400 million adults worldwide. This pathological condition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of central encephalopathies and peripheral neuropathies. In further support of this notion, recent epidemiological evidence suggests a link between DM and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with hyperglycemia emerging as one of the culprits in neurodegeneration involving the nigrostriatal pathway, the neuroanatomical substrate of the motor symptoms affecting parkinsonian patients. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons located in the mesencephalic substantia nigra appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and degeneration, likely because of their intrinsic susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may represent a direct consequence of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Other pathological pathways induced by increased intracellular glucose levels, including the polyol and the hexosamine pathway as well as the formation of advanced glycation end-products, may all play a pivotal role in mediating the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on nigral dopaminergic neurons. In this review article, we will examine the epidemiological as well as the molecular and cellular clues supporting the potential susceptibility of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to hyperglycemia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6856011 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68560112019-11-29 Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences Sergi, Domenico Renaud, Justine Simola, Nicola Martinoli, Maria-Grazia Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of diseases characterized by defective glucose metabolism, is the most widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 400 million adults worldwide. This pathological condition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of central encephalopathies and peripheral neuropathies. In further support of this notion, recent epidemiological evidence suggests a link between DM and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with hyperglycemia emerging as one of the culprits in neurodegeneration involving the nigrostriatal pathway, the neuroanatomical substrate of the motor symptoms affecting parkinsonian patients. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons located in the mesencephalic substantia nigra appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and degeneration, likely because of their intrinsic susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may represent a direct consequence of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Other pathological pathways induced by increased intracellular glucose levels, including the polyol and the hexosamine pathway as well as the formation of advanced glycation end-products, may all play a pivotal role in mediating the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on nigral dopaminergic neurons. In this review article, we will examine the epidemiological as well as the molecular and cellular clues supporting the potential susceptibility of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to hyperglycemia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6856011/ /pubmed/31787891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00302 Text en Copyright © 2019 Sergi, Renaud, Simola and Martinoli. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Sergi, Domenico Renaud, Justine Simola, Nicola Martinoli, Maria-Grazia Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences |
title | Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences |
title_full | Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences |
title_fullStr | Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences |
title_full_unstemmed | Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences |
title_short | Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson’s Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences |
title_sort | diabetes, a contemporary risk for parkinson’s disease: epidemiological and cellular evidences |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856011/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31787891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00302 |
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