Cerebellar connectivity in Parkinson's disease with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia

OBJECTIVE: The precise pathogenesis or neural correlates underlying levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) remains poorly understood. There is growing evidence of the involvement of the cerebellum in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study evaluated the role of motor cerebellar connectivity in determining vulnerability to LID. METHODS: We enrolled 25 de novo patients with PD who developed LID within 5 years of levodopa treatment, 26 propensity score‐matched PD patients who had not developed LID, and 24 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. We performed a comparative analysis of resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) between the motor cerebellum and whole brain between the groups. RESULTS: The patients with PD had increased FC bewteen the motor cerebellum and posterior cortical and cerebellar regions, while no gray matter regions had decreased FC with the motor cerebellum compared to the control participant. The patients with PD who were vulnerable to the development of LID had a significantly higher FC between the motor cerebellum lobule VIIIb and the left inferior frontal gyrus than those who were resistant to LID development. The connectivity of the motor cerebellum and left inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the latency from PD onset to the occurrence of LID. INTERPRETATION: Increased FC between the motor cerebellum and left inferior frontal gyrus in de novo patients with PD could be an important determinant of vulnerability to LID.