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Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices
Point‐of‐collection testing (POCT) for Δ(9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid is increasingly used to detect driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). However, previous studies have questioned the reliability and accuracy of two commonly used POCT devices, the Securetec DrugWipe(®) 5 s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31442003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2687 |
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author | Arkell, Thomas R. Kevin, Richard C. Stuart, Jordyn Lintzeris, Nicholas Haber, Paul S. Ramaekers, Johannes G. McGregor, Iain S. |
author_facet | Arkell, Thomas R. Kevin, Richard C. Stuart, Jordyn Lintzeris, Nicholas Haber, Paul S. Ramaekers, Johannes G. McGregor, Iain S. |
author_sort | Arkell, Thomas R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Point‐of‐collection testing (POCT) for Δ(9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid is increasingly used to detect driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). However, previous studies have questioned the reliability and accuracy of two commonly used POCT devices, the Securetec DrugWipe(®) 5 s (DW5s) and Dräger DrugTest(®) 5000 (DT5000). In the current placebo controlled, double‐blind, crossover study we used liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to accurately quantify cannabinoid concentrations in the oral fluid of 14 participants at various timepoints (10, 60, 120, and 180 minutes) following vaporization of 125 mg of THC‐dominant (11% THC; <1% CBD), THC/CBD equivalent (11% THC; 11% CBD) and placebo (<1% THC; <1% CBD) cannabis. At each timepoint, oral fluid was also screened using the DW5s (10 ng/mL THC cut‐off) and DT5000 (10 ng/mL THC cut‐off). LC–MS/MS analysis showed peak oral fluid THC concentrations at the 10 minute timepoint with a rapid decline thereafter. This trajectory did not differ with THC dominant and THC/CBD equivalent cannabis. With a 10 ng/mL confirmatory cut‐off, 5% of DW5s test results were false positives and 16% false negatives. For the DT5000, 10% of test results were false positives and 9% false negatives. Neither the DW5s nor the DT5000 demonstrated the recommended >80% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Accuracy was lowest at 60 minutes, when THC concentrations were often close to the screening cut‐off (10 ng/mL). POCT devices can be useful tools in detecting recent cannabis use; however, limitations should be noted, and confirmatory LC–MS/MS quantification of results is strongly advisable. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6856818 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68568182019-11-21 Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices Arkell, Thomas R. Kevin, Richard C. Stuart, Jordyn Lintzeris, Nicholas Haber, Paul S. Ramaekers, Johannes G. McGregor, Iain S. Drug Test Anal Research Articles Point‐of‐collection testing (POCT) for Δ(9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid is increasingly used to detect driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). However, previous studies have questioned the reliability and accuracy of two commonly used POCT devices, the Securetec DrugWipe(®) 5 s (DW5s) and Dräger DrugTest(®) 5000 (DT5000). In the current placebo controlled, double‐blind, crossover study we used liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to accurately quantify cannabinoid concentrations in the oral fluid of 14 participants at various timepoints (10, 60, 120, and 180 minutes) following vaporization of 125 mg of THC‐dominant (11% THC; <1% CBD), THC/CBD equivalent (11% THC; 11% CBD) and placebo (<1% THC; <1% CBD) cannabis. At each timepoint, oral fluid was also screened using the DW5s (10 ng/mL THC cut‐off) and DT5000 (10 ng/mL THC cut‐off). LC–MS/MS analysis showed peak oral fluid THC concentrations at the 10 minute timepoint with a rapid decline thereafter. This trajectory did not differ with THC dominant and THC/CBD equivalent cannabis. With a 10 ng/mL confirmatory cut‐off, 5% of DW5s test results were false positives and 16% false negatives. For the DT5000, 10% of test results were false positives and 9% false negatives. Neither the DW5s nor the DT5000 demonstrated the recommended >80% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Accuracy was lowest at 60 minutes, when THC concentrations were often close to the screening cut‐off (10 ng/mL). POCT devices can be useful tools in detecting recent cannabis use; however, limitations should be noted, and confirmatory LC–MS/MS quantification of results is strongly advisable. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-09-10 2019-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6856818/ /pubmed/31442003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2687 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Arkell, Thomas R. Kevin, Richard C. Stuart, Jordyn Lintzeris, Nicholas Haber, Paul S. Ramaekers, Johannes G. McGregor, Iain S. Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
title | Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
title_full | Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
title_fullStr | Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
title_short | Detection of Δ(9) THC in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (CBD) content: An evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
title_sort | detection of δ(9) thc in oral fluid following vaporized cannabis with varied cannabidiol (cbd) content: an evaluation of two point‐of‐collection testing devices |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856818/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31442003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2687 |
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