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π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures
Studying noncanonical intermolecular interactions between a ligand and a protein constitutes an emerging research field. Identifying synthetically accessible molecular fragments that can engage in intermolecular interactions is a key objective in this area. Here, it is shown that so‐called “π‐hole i...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31453653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903404 |
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author | Bauzá, Antonio Frontera, Antonio Mooibroek, Tiddo Jonathan |
author_facet | Bauzá, Antonio Frontera, Antonio Mooibroek, Tiddo Jonathan |
author_sort | Bauzá, Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Studying noncanonical intermolecular interactions between a ligand and a protein constitutes an emerging research field. Identifying synthetically accessible molecular fragments that can engage in intermolecular interactions is a key objective in this area. Here, it is shown that so‐called “π‐hole interactions” are present between the nitro moiety in nitro aromatic ligands and lone pairs within protein structures (water and protein carbonyls and sulfurs). Ample structural evidence was found in a PDB analysis and computations reveal interaction energies of about −5 kcal mol(−1) for ligand–protein π‐hole interactions. Several examples are highlighted for which a π‐hole interaction is implicated in the superior binding affinity or inhibition of a nitro aromatic ligand versus a similar non‐nitro analogue. The discovery that π‐hole interactions with nitro aromatics are significant within protein structures parallels the finding that halogen bonds are biologically relevant. This has implications for the interpretation of ligand–protein complexation phenomena, for example, involving the more than 50 approved drugs that contain a nitro aromatic moiety. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6856858 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68568582019-11-21 π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures Bauzá, Antonio Frontera, Antonio Mooibroek, Tiddo Jonathan Chemistry Full Papers Studying noncanonical intermolecular interactions between a ligand and a protein constitutes an emerging research field. Identifying synthetically accessible molecular fragments that can engage in intermolecular interactions is a key objective in this area. Here, it is shown that so‐called “π‐hole interactions” are present between the nitro moiety in nitro aromatic ligands and lone pairs within protein structures (water and protein carbonyls and sulfurs). Ample structural evidence was found in a PDB analysis and computations reveal interaction energies of about −5 kcal mol(−1) for ligand–protein π‐hole interactions. Several examples are highlighted for which a π‐hole interaction is implicated in the superior binding affinity or inhibition of a nitro aromatic ligand versus a similar non‐nitro analogue. The discovery that π‐hole interactions with nitro aromatics are significant within protein structures parallels the finding that halogen bonds are biologically relevant. This has implications for the interpretation of ligand–protein complexation phenomena, for example, involving the more than 50 approved drugs that contain a nitro aromatic moiety. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-09-17 2019-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6856858/ /pubmed/31453653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903404 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Full Papers Bauzá, Antonio Frontera, Antonio Mooibroek, Tiddo Jonathan π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures |
title | π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures |
title_full | π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures |
title_fullStr | π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures |
title_full_unstemmed | π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures |
title_short | π‐Hole Interactions Involving Nitro Aromatic Ligands in Protein Structures |
title_sort | π‐hole interactions involving nitro aromatic ligands in protein structures |
topic | Full Papers |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31453653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903404 |
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