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Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework
AIM: To achieve multi-stakeholder consensus and prioritisation of medication safety problems in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: A theoretically-underpinned, three-round Delphi study. SETTING: Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: Patients and public (pharmacy users), pharmacy-re...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6858180/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31694852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032419 |
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author | Al Juffali, Lobna Abdullah Knapp, Peter Al-Aqeel, Sinaa Watson, Margaret C |
author_facet | Al Juffali, Lobna Abdullah Knapp, Peter Al-Aqeel, Sinaa Watson, Margaret C |
author_sort | Al Juffali, Lobna Abdullah |
collection | PubMed |
description | AIM: To achieve multi-stakeholder consensus and prioritisation of medication safety problems in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: A theoretically-underpinned, three-round Delphi study. SETTING: Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: Patients and public (pharmacy users), pharmacy-related professionals (policymakers, academics, medication safety officers and pharmacy owners) and community pharmacists. METHODS: Round 1 comprised 84 statements derived from a qualitative study. The items were grouped according to the Human Factors Framework (HFF). Rounds 1 and 2 aimed to achieve consensus, 6-point Likert response scale (agreement/disagreement) was used. Round 3 aimed to prioritise the items for which consensus was achieved in Rounds 1 and 2 indicated on a 5-point scale (very important to unimportant). Consensus was predefined as any item that achieved ≥70%. RESULTS: The number of respondents in Rounds 1, 2 and 3 was 161, 120 and 112, respectively. In all three rounds, the majority of respondents were pharmacy users (Round 1 77% (n=124), Round 2 74% (n=89), Round 3 72% (n=81)). Consensus was achieved with 28/84 items. The top five medication safety priorities were: lack of pharmacy facilities such as counselling area, lack of communication between pharmacists and physicians, lack of patient databases, lack of post-registration pharmacist education and pharmacists’ long working hours. The professional and pharmacy user groups achieved consensus on similar items through different categories of the HFFs. Community pharmacists had the highest percentage of consensus among the three groups for factors related to work, such as high workload and low salaries. CONCLUSION: This multi-stakeholder study used the HFF to identify and prioritise the main medication safety challenges facing community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. It indicates the need for changes to practice and policy and further research to address these priorities and promote medication safety at an individual, pharmacy and population level. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6858180 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68581802019-12-03 Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework Al Juffali, Lobna Abdullah Knapp, Peter Al-Aqeel, Sinaa Watson, Margaret C BMJ Open Public Health AIM: To achieve multi-stakeholder consensus and prioritisation of medication safety problems in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: A theoretically-underpinned, three-round Delphi study. SETTING: Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: Patients and public (pharmacy users), pharmacy-related professionals (policymakers, academics, medication safety officers and pharmacy owners) and community pharmacists. METHODS: Round 1 comprised 84 statements derived from a qualitative study. The items were grouped according to the Human Factors Framework (HFF). Rounds 1 and 2 aimed to achieve consensus, 6-point Likert response scale (agreement/disagreement) was used. Round 3 aimed to prioritise the items for which consensus was achieved in Rounds 1 and 2 indicated on a 5-point scale (very important to unimportant). Consensus was predefined as any item that achieved ≥70%. RESULTS: The number of respondents in Rounds 1, 2 and 3 was 161, 120 and 112, respectively. In all three rounds, the majority of respondents were pharmacy users (Round 1 77% (n=124), Round 2 74% (n=89), Round 3 72% (n=81)). Consensus was achieved with 28/84 items. The top five medication safety priorities were: lack of pharmacy facilities such as counselling area, lack of communication between pharmacists and physicians, lack of patient databases, lack of post-registration pharmacist education and pharmacists’ long working hours. The professional and pharmacy user groups achieved consensus on similar items through different categories of the HFFs. Community pharmacists had the highest percentage of consensus among the three groups for factors related to work, such as high workload and low salaries. CONCLUSION: This multi-stakeholder study used the HFF to identify and prioritise the main medication safety challenges facing community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. It indicates the need for changes to practice and policy and further research to address these priorities and promote medication safety at an individual, pharmacy and population level. BMJ Publishing Group 2019-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6858180/ /pubmed/31694852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032419 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Al Juffali, Lobna Abdullah Knapp, Peter Al-Aqeel, Sinaa Watson, Margaret C Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework |
title | Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework |
title_full | Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework |
title_fullStr | Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework |
title_full_unstemmed | Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework |
title_short | Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework |
title_sort | medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in saudi arabia: a multi-stakeholder delphi study using the human factors framework |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6858180/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31694852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032419 |
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