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Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters
Although more massive flight muscles along with larger wings, higher wingbeat frequencies and greater stroke amplitudes enhance force and power production in flapping flight, the extent to which these parameters may be correlated with other morphological features relevant to flight physiology and bi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6858814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31741797 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8048 |
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author | Wang, Yang Yin, Yuan Ge, Shiyong Li, Mo Zhang, Qian Li, Juyong Wu, Yuefeng Li, Dongming Dudley, Robert |
author_facet | Wang, Yang Yin, Yuan Ge, Shiyong Li, Mo Zhang, Qian Li, Juyong Wu, Yuefeng Li, Dongming Dudley, Robert |
author_sort | Wang, Yang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although more massive flight muscles along with larger wings, higher wingbeat frequencies and greater stroke amplitudes enhance force and power production in flapping flight, the extent to which these parameters may be correlated with other morphological features relevant to flight physiology and biomechanics remains unclear. Intraspecifically, we hypothesized that greater vertical load-lifting capacity would correlate with higher wingbeat frequencies and relatively more massive flight muscles, along with relatively bigger hearts, lungs, and stomachs to enhance metabolic capacity and energy supply, but also with smaller body size given the overall negative allometric dependence of maximum flight performance in volant taxa. To explore intraspecific correlates of flight performance, we assembled a large dataset that included 13 morphological and kinematic variables for a non-migratory passerine, the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). We found that heavier flight muscles and larger wings, heavier stomachs and shorter bills were the most important correlates of maximum load-lifting capacity. Surprisingly, wingbeat frequency, wing stroke amplitude and masses of the heart, lungs and digestive organs (except for the stomach) were non-significant predictor variables relative to lifting capacity. The best-fit structural equation model (SEM) indicated that load-lifting capacity was positively correlated with flight muscle mass, wing area and stomach mass, but was negatively correlated with bill length. Characterization of individual variability in flight performance in a free-ranging passerine indicates the subtlety of interaction effects among morphological features, some of which differ from those that have been identified interspecifically for maximum flight performance in birds. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6858814 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68588142019-11-18 Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters Wang, Yang Yin, Yuan Ge, Shiyong Li, Mo Zhang, Qian Li, Juyong Wu, Yuefeng Li, Dongming Dudley, Robert PeerJ Animal Behavior Although more massive flight muscles along with larger wings, higher wingbeat frequencies and greater stroke amplitudes enhance force and power production in flapping flight, the extent to which these parameters may be correlated with other morphological features relevant to flight physiology and biomechanics remains unclear. Intraspecifically, we hypothesized that greater vertical load-lifting capacity would correlate with higher wingbeat frequencies and relatively more massive flight muscles, along with relatively bigger hearts, lungs, and stomachs to enhance metabolic capacity and energy supply, but also with smaller body size given the overall negative allometric dependence of maximum flight performance in volant taxa. To explore intraspecific correlates of flight performance, we assembled a large dataset that included 13 morphological and kinematic variables for a non-migratory passerine, the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus). We found that heavier flight muscles and larger wings, heavier stomachs and shorter bills were the most important correlates of maximum load-lifting capacity. Surprisingly, wingbeat frequency, wing stroke amplitude and masses of the heart, lungs and digestive organs (except for the stomach) were non-significant predictor variables relative to lifting capacity. The best-fit structural equation model (SEM) indicated that load-lifting capacity was positively correlated with flight muscle mass, wing area and stomach mass, but was negatively correlated with bill length. Characterization of individual variability in flight performance in a free-ranging passerine indicates the subtlety of interaction effects among morphological features, some of which differ from those that have been identified interspecifically for maximum flight performance in birds. PeerJ Inc. 2019-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6858814/ /pubmed/31741797 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8048 Text en © 2019 Wang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Animal Behavior Wang, Yang Yin, Yuan Ge, Shiyong Li, Mo Zhang, Qian Li, Juyong Wu, Yuefeng Li, Dongming Dudley, Robert Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
title | Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
title_full | Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
title_fullStr | Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
title_full_unstemmed | Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
title_short | Limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
title_sort | limits to load-lifting performance in a passerine bird: the effects of intraspecific variation in morphological and kinematic parameters |
topic | Animal Behavior |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6858814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31741797 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8048 |
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