Cargando…

Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs

Hypersaline aqueous environments at subzero temperatures are known to be inhabited by microorganisms, yet information on community structure in subzero brines is very limited. Near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, we sampled subzero brines (–6°C, 115–140 ppt) from cryopegs, i.e. unfrozen sediments within permafro...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cooper, Zachary S, Rapp, Josephine Z, Carpenter, Shelly D, Iwahana, Go, Eicken, Hajo, Deming, Jody W
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6859516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31626297
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz166
_version_ 1783471133839851520
author Cooper, Zachary S
Rapp, Josephine Z
Carpenter, Shelly D
Iwahana, Go
Eicken, Hajo
Deming, Jody W
author_facet Cooper, Zachary S
Rapp, Josephine Z
Carpenter, Shelly D
Iwahana, Go
Eicken, Hajo
Deming, Jody W
author_sort Cooper, Zachary S
collection PubMed
description Hypersaline aqueous environments at subzero temperatures are known to be inhabited by microorganisms, yet information on community structure in subzero brines is very limited. Near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, we sampled subzero brines (–6°C, 115–140 ppt) from cryopegs, i.e. unfrozen sediments within permafrost that contain relic (late Pleistocene) seawater brine, as well as nearby sea-ice brines to examine microbial community composition and diversity using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We also quantified the communities microscopically and assessed environmental parameters as possible determinants of community structure. The cryopeg brines harbored surprisingly dense bacterial communities (up to 10(8) cells mL(–1)) and millimolar levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, extracellular polysaccharides and ammonia. Community composition and diversity differed between the two brine environments by alpha- and beta-diversity indices, with cryopeg brine communities appearing less diverse and dominated by one strain of the genus Marinobacter, also detected in other cold, hypersaline environments, including sea ice. The higher density and trend toward lower diversity in the cryopeg communities suggest that long-term stability and other features of a subzero brine are more important selective forces than in situ temperature or salinity, even when the latter are extreme.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6859516
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68595162019-11-21 Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs Cooper, Zachary S Rapp, Josephine Z Carpenter, Shelly D Iwahana, Go Eicken, Hajo Deming, Jody W FEMS Microbiol Ecol Research Article Hypersaline aqueous environments at subzero temperatures are known to be inhabited by microorganisms, yet information on community structure in subzero brines is very limited. Near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, we sampled subzero brines (–6°C, 115–140 ppt) from cryopegs, i.e. unfrozen sediments within permafrost that contain relic (late Pleistocene) seawater brine, as well as nearby sea-ice brines to examine microbial community composition and diversity using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We also quantified the communities microscopically and assessed environmental parameters as possible determinants of community structure. The cryopeg brines harbored surprisingly dense bacterial communities (up to 10(8) cells mL(–1)) and millimolar levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, extracellular polysaccharides and ammonia. Community composition and diversity differed between the two brine environments by alpha- and beta-diversity indices, with cryopeg brine communities appearing less diverse and dominated by one strain of the genus Marinobacter, also detected in other cold, hypersaline environments, including sea ice. The higher density and trend toward lower diversity in the cryopeg communities suggest that long-term stability and other features of a subzero brine are more important selective forces than in situ temperature or salinity, even when the latter are extreme. Oxford University Press 2019-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6859516/ /pubmed/31626297 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz166 Text en © FEMS 2019. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Article
Cooper, Zachary S
Rapp, Josephine Z
Carpenter, Shelly D
Iwahana, Go
Eicken, Hajo
Deming, Jody W
Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
title Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
title_full Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
title_fullStr Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
title_full_unstemmed Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
title_short Distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from Arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
title_sort distinctive microbial communities in subzero hypersaline brines from arctic coastal sea ice and rarely sampled cryopegs
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6859516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31626297
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz166
work_keys_str_mv AT cooperzacharys distinctivemicrobialcommunitiesinsubzerohypersalinebrinesfromarcticcoastalseaiceandrarelysampledcryopegs
AT rappjosephinez distinctivemicrobialcommunitiesinsubzerohypersalinebrinesfromarcticcoastalseaiceandrarelysampledcryopegs
AT carpentershellyd distinctivemicrobialcommunitiesinsubzerohypersalinebrinesfromarcticcoastalseaiceandrarelysampledcryopegs
AT iwahanago distinctivemicrobialcommunitiesinsubzerohypersalinebrinesfromarcticcoastalseaiceandrarelysampledcryopegs
AT eickenhajo distinctivemicrobialcommunitiesinsubzerohypersalinebrinesfromarcticcoastalseaiceandrarelysampledcryopegs
AT demingjodyw distinctivemicrobialcommunitiesinsubzerohypersalinebrinesfromarcticcoastalseaiceandrarelysampledcryopegs