Three-Dimensional Evaluation on Accuracy of Conventional and Milled Gypsum Models and 3D Printed Photopolymer Models

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dental models fabricated by conventional, milling, and three-dimensional (3D) printing methods. A reference model with inlay, single crown, and three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) preparations was prepared. Conventional gypsum models (CON) were manufactured from the conventional method. Digital impressions were obtained by intraoral scanner, which were converted into physical models such as milled gypsum models (MIL), stereolithography (SLA), and digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed photopolymer models (S3P and D3P). Models were extracted as standard triangulated language (STL) data by reference scanner. All STL data were superimposed by 3D analysis software and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed using root mean square (RMS) values and color difference map. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s correction. For full arch, the RMS value of trueness and precision in CON was significantly smaller than in the other groups (p < 0.05/6 = 0.008), and there was no significant difference between S3P and D3P (p > 0.05/6 = 0.008). On the other hand, the RMS value of trueness in CON was significantly smaller than in the other groups for all prepared teeth (p < 0.05/6 = 0.008), and there was no significant difference between MIL and S3P (p > 0.05/6 = 0.008). In conclusion, conventional gypsum models showed better accuracy than digitally milled and 3D printed models.