Cargando…

Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains

High temperature (HT) and drought stress (DS) play negative roles in wheat growth, and are two most important factors that limit grain yield. Starch, the main component of the wheat [][endosperm, accounts for 65–75% of grain weight, and is significantly influenced by environmental factors. To unders...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lu, Hongfang, Hu, Yangyang, Wang, Chenyang, Liu, Weixing, Ma, Geng, Han, Qiaoxia, Ma, Dongyun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31798603
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01414
_version_ 1783471690821402624
author Lu, Hongfang
Hu, Yangyang
Wang, Chenyang
Liu, Weixing
Ma, Geng
Han, Qiaoxia
Ma, Dongyun
author_facet Lu, Hongfang
Hu, Yangyang
Wang, Chenyang
Liu, Weixing
Ma, Geng
Han, Qiaoxia
Ma, Dongyun
author_sort Lu, Hongfang
collection PubMed
description High temperature (HT) and drought stress (DS) play negative roles in wheat growth, and are two most important factors that limit grain yield. Starch, the main component of the wheat [][endosperm, accounts for 65–75% of grain weight, and is significantly influenced by environmental factors. To understand the effects of post-anthesis HT and DS on starch biosynthesis, we performed a pot experiment using wheat cultivar “Zhengmai 366” under field conditions combined with a climate-controlled greenhouse to simulate HT. There were two temperature regimes (optimum day/night temperatures of 25/15°C and high day/night temperatures of 32/22°C from 10 days after anthesis to maturity) accompanied by two water treatments (optimum of ∼75% relative soil water content, and a DS of ∼50% relative soil water content). Optimum temperature with optimum water treatment was the control (CK). We evaluated the expression patterns of 23 genes encoding six classes of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in wheat grains using real-time qPCR. HT, DS, and HT+DS treatments altered gene expression profiles. Compared to the CK, expression of 22 of the 23 genes was down regulated by HT, and only one gene (ISA2) was up-regulated by HT. Actually ISA2 was the only gene up-regulated by all three stress treatments. The expression of 17 genes was up-regulated, while six genes, including granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI), AGPS2, BEIII, PHOL, ISA1, and AGPL2, were down-regulated by DS. Eleven genes were down-regulated and 12 were up-regulated by HT+DS. The activity of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase, starch synthases, GBSS, SS, and starch branching enzymes in the stress treatments (HT, DS, and HT+DS) often appeared to peak values in advance and declined significantly to be lower than that in the CK. The genes that coordinated participation in the enzymes formation can serve as an indicator of the enzymes activity potentially involved in starch biosynthesis. HT, DS, and HT+DS altered the timing of starch biosynthesis and also influenced the accumulation of amylose, amylopectin, total starch, and sucrose. Under HT, DS, and HT+DS, the key enzymes activity and their genes expression associated with the conversion of sucrose to starch, was reduced, which was the leading cause of the reductions in starch content. Our study provide further evidence about the effects of stress on starch biosynthesis in wheat, as well as a physiological understanding of the impact of post-anthesis heat and DS on starch accumulation and wheat grain yield.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6863091
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68630912019-12-03 Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains Lu, Hongfang Hu, Yangyang Wang, Chenyang Liu, Weixing Ma, Geng Han, Qiaoxia Ma, Dongyun Front Plant Sci Plant Science High temperature (HT) and drought stress (DS) play negative roles in wheat growth, and are two most important factors that limit grain yield. Starch, the main component of the wheat [][endosperm, accounts for 65–75% of grain weight, and is significantly influenced by environmental factors. To understand the effects of post-anthesis HT and DS on starch biosynthesis, we performed a pot experiment using wheat cultivar “Zhengmai 366” under field conditions combined with a climate-controlled greenhouse to simulate HT. There were two temperature regimes (optimum day/night temperatures of 25/15°C and high day/night temperatures of 32/22°C from 10 days after anthesis to maturity) accompanied by two water treatments (optimum of ∼75% relative soil water content, and a DS of ∼50% relative soil water content). Optimum temperature with optimum water treatment was the control (CK). We evaluated the expression patterns of 23 genes encoding six classes of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in wheat grains using real-time qPCR. HT, DS, and HT+DS treatments altered gene expression profiles. Compared to the CK, expression of 22 of the 23 genes was down regulated by HT, and only one gene (ISA2) was up-regulated by HT. Actually ISA2 was the only gene up-regulated by all three stress treatments. The expression of 17 genes was up-regulated, while six genes, including granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI), AGPS2, BEIII, PHOL, ISA1, and AGPL2, were down-regulated by DS. Eleven genes were down-regulated and 12 were up-regulated by HT+DS. The activity of ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase, starch synthases, GBSS, SS, and starch branching enzymes in the stress treatments (HT, DS, and HT+DS) often appeared to peak values in advance and declined significantly to be lower than that in the CK. The genes that coordinated participation in the enzymes formation can serve as an indicator of the enzymes activity potentially involved in starch biosynthesis. HT, DS, and HT+DS altered the timing of starch biosynthesis and also influenced the accumulation of amylose, amylopectin, total starch, and sucrose. Under HT, DS, and HT+DS, the key enzymes activity and their genes expression associated with the conversion of sucrose to starch, was reduced, which was the leading cause of the reductions in starch content. Our study provide further evidence about the effects of stress on starch biosynthesis in wheat, as well as a physiological understanding of the impact of post-anthesis heat and DS on starch accumulation and wheat grain yield. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6863091/ /pubmed/31798603 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01414 Text en Copyright © 2019 Lu, Hu, Wang, Liu, Ma, Han and Ma http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Lu, Hongfang
Hu, Yangyang
Wang, Chenyang
Liu, Weixing
Ma, Geng
Han, Qiaoxia
Ma, Dongyun
Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains
title Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains
title_full Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains
title_fullStr Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains
title_full_unstemmed Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains
title_short Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress on the Expression of Gene Encoding Enzymes and the Activity of Key Enzymes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis in Wheat Grains
title_sort effects of high temperature and drought stress on the expression of gene encoding enzymes and the activity of key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in wheat grains
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31798603
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01414
work_keys_str_mv AT luhongfang effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains
AT huyangyang effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains
AT wangchenyang effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains
AT liuweixing effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains
AT mageng effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains
AT hanqiaoxia effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains
AT madongyun effectsofhightemperatureanddroughtstressontheexpressionofgeneencodingenzymesandtheactivityofkeyenzymesinvolvedinstarchbiosynthesisinwheatgrains