Cargando…

Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences

Although habitat loss has large, consistently negative effects on biodiversity, its genetic consequences are not yet fully understood. This is because measuring the genetic consequences of habitat loss requires accounting for major methodological limitations like the confounding effect of habitat fr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Carvalho, Carolina S., Lanes, Éder C. M., Silva, Amanda R., Caldeira, Cecilio F., Carvalho-Filho, Nelson, Gastauer, Markus, Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera L., Nascimento Júnior, Wilson, Oliveira, Guilherme, Siqueira, José O., Viana, Pedro L., Jaffé, Rodolfo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863885/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31798621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01101
_version_ 1783471783325728768
author Carvalho, Carolina S.
Lanes, Éder C. M.
Silva, Amanda R.
Caldeira, Cecilio F.
Carvalho-Filho, Nelson
Gastauer, Markus
Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera L.
Nascimento Júnior, Wilson
Oliveira, Guilherme
Siqueira, José O.
Viana, Pedro L.
Jaffé, Rodolfo
author_facet Carvalho, Carolina S.
Lanes, Éder C. M.
Silva, Amanda R.
Caldeira, Cecilio F.
Carvalho-Filho, Nelson
Gastauer, Markus
Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera L.
Nascimento Júnior, Wilson
Oliveira, Guilherme
Siqueira, José O.
Viana, Pedro L.
Jaffé, Rodolfo
author_sort Carvalho, Carolina S.
collection PubMed
description Although habitat loss has large, consistently negative effects on biodiversity, its genetic consequences are not yet fully understood. This is because measuring the genetic consequences of habitat loss requires accounting for major methodological limitations like the confounding effect of habitat fragmentation, historical processes underpinning genetic differentiation, time-lags between the onset of disturbances and genetic outcomes, and the need for large numbers of samples, genetic markers, and replicated landscapes to ensure sufficient statistical power. In this paper we overcame all these challenges to assess the genetic consequences of extreme habitat loss driven by mining in two herbs endemic to Amazonian savannas. Relying on genotyping-by-sequencing of hundreds of individuals collected across two mining landscapes, we identified thousands of neutral and independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each species and used these to evaluate population structure, genetic diversity, and gene flow. Since open-pit mining in our study region rarely involves habitat fragmentation, we were able to assess the independent effect of habitat loss. We also accounted for the underlying population structure when assessing landscape effects on genetic diversity and gene flow, examined the sensitivity of our analyses to the resolution of spatial data, and used annual species and cross-year analyses to minimize and quantify possible time-lag effects. We found that both species are remarkably resilient, as genetic diversity and gene flow patterns were unaffected by habitat loss. Whereas historical habitat amount was found to influence inbreeding; heterozygosity and inbreeding were not affected by habitat loss in either species, and gene flow was mainly influenced by geographic distance, pre-mining land cover, and local climate. Our study demonstrates that it is not possible to generalize about the genetic consequences of habitat loss, and implies that future conservation efforts need to consider species-specific genetic information.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6863885
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-68638852019-12-03 Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences Carvalho, Carolina S. Lanes, Éder C. M. Silva, Amanda R. Caldeira, Cecilio F. Carvalho-Filho, Nelson Gastauer, Markus Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera L. Nascimento Júnior, Wilson Oliveira, Guilherme Siqueira, José O. Viana, Pedro L. Jaffé, Rodolfo Front Genet Genetics Although habitat loss has large, consistently negative effects on biodiversity, its genetic consequences are not yet fully understood. This is because measuring the genetic consequences of habitat loss requires accounting for major methodological limitations like the confounding effect of habitat fragmentation, historical processes underpinning genetic differentiation, time-lags between the onset of disturbances and genetic outcomes, and the need for large numbers of samples, genetic markers, and replicated landscapes to ensure sufficient statistical power. In this paper we overcame all these challenges to assess the genetic consequences of extreme habitat loss driven by mining in two herbs endemic to Amazonian savannas. Relying on genotyping-by-sequencing of hundreds of individuals collected across two mining landscapes, we identified thousands of neutral and independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each species and used these to evaluate population structure, genetic diversity, and gene flow. Since open-pit mining in our study region rarely involves habitat fragmentation, we were able to assess the independent effect of habitat loss. We also accounted for the underlying population structure when assessing landscape effects on genetic diversity and gene flow, examined the sensitivity of our analyses to the resolution of spatial data, and used annual species and cross-year analyses to minimize and quantify possible time-lag effects. We found that both species are remarkably resilient, as genetic diversity and gene flow patterns were unaffected by habitat loss. Whereas historical habitat amount was found to influence inbreeding; heterozygosity and inbreeding were not affected by habitat loss in either species, and gene flow was mainly influenced by geographic distance, pre-mining land cover, and local climate. Our study demonstrates that it is not possible to generalize about the genetic consequences of habitat loss, and implies that future conservation efforts need to consider species-specific genetic information. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6863885/ /pubmed/31798621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01101 Text en Copyright © 2019 Carvalho, Lanes, Silva, Caldeira, Carvalho-Filho, Gastauer, Imperatriz-Fonseca, Nascimento Júnior, Oliveira, Siqueira, Viana and Jaffé http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Carvalho, Carolina S.
Lanes, Éder C. M.
Silva, Amanda R.
Caldeira, Cecilio F.
Carvalho-Filho, Nelson
Gastauer, Markus
Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera L.
Nascimento Júnior, Wilson
Oliveira, Guilherme
Siqueira, José O.
Viana, Pedro L.
Jaffé, Rodolfo
Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences
title Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences
title_full Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences
title_fullStr Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences
title_full_unstemmed Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences
title_short Habitat Loss Does Not Always Entail Negative Genetic Consequences
title_sort habitat loss does not always entail negative genetic consequences
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863885/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31798621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01101
work_keys_str_mv AT carvalhocarolinas habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT lanesedercm habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT silvaamandar habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT caldeiraceciliof habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT carvalhofilhonelson habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT gastauermarkus habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT imperatrizfonsecaveral habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT nascimentojuniorwilson habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT oliveiraguilherme habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT siqueirajoseo habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT vianapedrol habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences
AT jafferodolfo habitatlossdoesnotalwaysentailnegativegeneticconsequences