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Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer
Alginate is a linear polyuronate in brown macroalgae. It is also a promising marine biopolymer that can be degraded by exo-type alginate lyase into an unsaturated uronate that is non-enzymatically or enzymatically converted to 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). In a bioengineered yeast S...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6868183/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31748627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53597-1 |
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author | Nakata, Shota Murata, Kousaku Hashimoto, Wataru Kawai, Shigeyuki |
author_facet | Nakata, Shota Murata, Kousaku Hashimoto, Wataru Kawai, Shigeyuki |
author_sort | Nakata, Shota |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alginate is a linear polyuronate in brown macroalgae. It is also a promising marine biopolymer that can be degraded by exo-type alginate lyase into an unsaturated uronate that is non-enzymatically or enzymatically converted to 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). In a bioengineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DEH++) strain that utilizes DEH, DEH is not only an important physiological metabolite but also a promising carbon source for biorefinery systems. In this study, we uncovered the essential chemical nature of DEH. In particular, we showed that DEH non-enzymatically reacts with specific amino groups in Tris, ammonium salts [(NH(4))(2)SO(4) and NH(4)Cl], and certain amino acids (e.g., Gly, Ser, Gln, Thr, and Lys) at 30 °C and forms other compounds, one of which we tentatively named DEH-related product-1 (DRP-1). In contrast, Asn, Met, Glu, and Arg were almost inert and Ala, Pro, Leu, Ile, Phe, Val, and Asp, as well as sodium nitrate (NaNO(3)), were inert in the presence of DEH. Some of the above amino acids (Asn, Glu, Ala, Pro, Phe, and Asp) were suitable nitrogen sources for the DEH++ yeast strain, whereas ammonium salts and Ser, Gln, and Thr were poor nitrogen sources owing to their high reactivity to DEH. Nutrient-rich YP medium with 1% (w/v) Yeast extract and 2% (w/v) Tryptone, as well as 10-fold diluted YP medium, could also be effectively used as nitrogen sources. Finally, we identified DRP-1 as a 2-furancarboxylic acid and showed that it has a growth-inhibitory effect on the DEH++ yeast strain. These results show the reactive nature of DEH and suggest a basis for selecting nitrogen sources for use with DEH and alginate in biorefineries. Our results also provide insight into the physiological utilization of DEH. The environmental source of 2-furancarboxylic acid is also discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6868183 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68681832019-12-04 Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer Nakata, Shota Murata, Kousaku Hashimoto, Wataru Kawai, Shigeyuki Sci Rep Article Alginate is a linear polyuronate in brown macroalgae. It is also a promising marine biopolymer that can be degraded by exo-type alginate lyase into an unsaturated uronate that is non-enzymatically or enzymatically converted to 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). In a bioengineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DEH++) strain that utilizes DEH, DEH is not only an important physiological metabolite but also a promising carbon source for biorefinery systems. In this study, we uncovered the essential chemical nature of DEH. In particular, we showed that DEH non-enzymatically reacts with specific amino groups in Tris, ammonium salts [(NH(4))(2)SO(4) and NH(4)Cl], and certain amino acids (e.g., Gly, Ser, Gln, Thr, and Lys) at 30 °C and forms other compounds, one of which we tentatively named DEH-related product-1 (DRP-1). In contrast, Asn, Met, Glu, and Arg were almost inert and Ala, Pro, Leu, Ile, Phe, Val, and Asp, as well as sodium nitrate (NaNO(3)), were inert in the presence of DEH. Some of the above amino acids (Asn, Glu, Ala, Pro, Phe, and Asp) were suitable nitrogen sources for the DEH++ yeast strain, whereas ammonium salts and Ser, Gln, and Thr were poor nitrogen sources owing to their high reactivity to DEH. Nutrient-rich YP medium with 1% (w/v) Yeast extract and 2% (w/v) Tryptone, as well as 10-fold diluted YP medium, could also be effectively used as nitrogen sources. Finally, we identified DRP-1 as a 2-furancarboxylic acid and showed that it has a growth-inhibitory effect on the DEH++ yeast strain. These results show the reactive nature of DEH and suggest a basis for selecting nitrogen sources for use with DEH and alginate in biorefineries. Our results also provide insight into the physiological utilization of DEH. The environmental source of 2-furancarboxylic acid is also discussed. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6868183/ /pubmed/31748627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53597-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Nakata, Shota Murata, Kousaku Hashimoto, Wataru Kawai, Shigeyuki Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
title | Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
title_full | Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
title_fullStr | Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
title_full_unstemmed | Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
title_short | Uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
title_sort | uncovering the reactive nature of 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate for the utilization of alginate, a promising marine biopolymer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6868183/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31748627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53597-1 |
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