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The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation
Monocytes and macrophages contribute to pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including auto-inflammatory diseases, cancer, sepsis, or atherosclerosis. They do so by production of cytokines, the central regulators of inflammation. Isoprenylation of small G-proteins is involved in regulation...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6872739/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31754207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-2109-9 |
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author | Fu, Hang Alabdullah, Mohamad Großmann, Julia Spieler, Florian Abdosh, Reem Lutz, Veronika Kalies, Katrin Knöpp, Kai Rieckmann, Max Koch, Susanne Noutsias, Michel Pilowski, Claudia Dutzmann, Jochen Sedding, Daniel Hüttelmaier, Stefan Umezawa, Kazuo Werdan, Karl Loppnow, Harald |
author_facet | Fu, Hang Alabdullah, Mohamad Großmann, Julia Spieler, Florian Abdosh, Reem Lutz, Veronika Kalies, Katrin Knöpp, Kai Rieckmann, Max Koch, Susanne Noutsias, Michel Pilowski, Claudia Dutzmann, Jochen Sedding, Daniel Hüttelmaier, Stefan Umezawa, Kazuo Werdan, Karl Loppnow, Harald |
author_sort | Fu, Hang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Monocytes and macrophages contribute to pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including auto-inflammatory diseases, cancer, sepsis, or atherosclerosis. They do so by production of cytokines, the central regulators of inflammation. Isoprenylation of small G-proteins is involved in regulation of production of some cytokines. Statins possibly affect isoprenylation-dependent cytokine production of monocytes and macrophages differentially. Thus, we compared statin-dependent cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated freshly isolated human monocytes and macrophages derived from monocytes by overnight differentiation. Stimulated monocytes readily produced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Statins did not alter cytokine production of LPS-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages prepared in the absence of statin lost the capacity to produce cytokines, whereas macrophages prepared in the presence of statin still produced cytokines. The cells expressed indistinguishable nuclear factor-kB activity, suggesting involvement of separate, statin-dependent regulation pathways. The presence of statin was necessary during the differentiation phase of the macrophages, indicating that retainment-of-function rather than costimulation was involved. Reconstitution with mevalonic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate blocked the retainment effect, whereas reconstitution of cholesterol synthesis by squalene did not. Inhibition of geranylgeranylation by GGTI-298, but not inhibition of farnesylation or cholesterol synthesis, mimicked the retainment effect of the statin. Inhibition of Rac1 activation by the Rac1/TIAM1-inhibitor NSC23766 or by Rac1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) blocked the retainment effect. Consistent with this finding, macrophages differentiated in the presence of statin expressed enhanced Rac1-GTP-levels. In line with the above hypothesis that monocytes and macrophages are differentially regulated by statins, the CD14/CD16-, merTK-, CX(3)CR1-, or CD163-expression (M2-macrophage-related) correlated inversely to the cytokine production. Thus, monocytes and macrophages display differential Rac1-geranylgeranylation-dependent functional capacities, that is, statins sway monocytes and macrophages differentially. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6872739 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68727392019-11-22 The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation Fu, Hang Alabdullah, Mohamad Großmann, Julia Spieler, Florian Abdosh, Reem Lutz, Veronika Kalies, Katrin Knöpp, Kai Rieckmann, Max Koch, Susanne Noutsias, Michel Pilowski, Claudia Dutzmann, Jochen Sedding, Daniel Hüttelmaier, Stefan Umezawa, Kazuo Werdan, Karl Loppnow, Harald Cell Death Dis Article Monocytes and macrophages contribute to pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including auto-inflammatory diseases, cancer, sepsis, or atherosclerosis. They do so by production of cytokines, the central regulators of inflammation. Isoprenylation of small G-proteins is involved in regulation of production of some cytokines. Statins possibly affect isoprenylation-dependent cytokine production of monocytes and macrophages differentially. Thus, we compared statin-dependent cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated freshly isolated human monocytes and macrophages derived from monocytes by overnight differentiation. Stimulated monocytes readily produced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Statins did not alter cytokine production of LPS-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages prepared in the absence of statin lost the capacity to produce cytokines, whereas macrophages prepared in the presence of statin still produced cytokines. The cells expressed indistinguishable nuclear factor-kB activity, suggesting involvement of separate, statin-dependent regulation pathways. The presence of statin was necessary during the differentiation phase of the macrophages, indicating that retainment-of-function rather than costimulation was involved. Reconstitution with mevalonic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate blocked the retainment effect, whereas reconstitution of cholesterol synthesis by squalene did not. Inhibition of geranylgeranylation by GGTI-298, but not inhibition of farnesylation or cholesterol synthesis, mimicked the retainment effect of the statin. Inhibition of Rac1 activation by the Rac1/TIAM1-inhibitor NSC23766 or by Rac1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) blocked the retainment effect. Consistent with this finding, macrophages differentiated in the presence of statin expressed enhanced Rac1-GTP-levels. In line with the above hypothesis that monocytes and macrophages are differentially regulated by statins, the CD14/CD16-, merTK-, CX(3)CR1-, or CD163-expression (M2-macrophage-related) correlated inversely to the cytokine production. Thus, monocytes and macrophages display differential Rac1-geranylgeranylation-dependent functional capacities, that is, statins sway monocytes and macrophages differentially. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6872739/ /pubmed/31754207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-2109-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Fu, Hang Alabdullah, Mohamad Großmann, Julia Spieler, Florian Abdosh, Reem Lutz, Veronika Kalies, Katrin Knöpp, Kai Rieckmann, Max Koch, Susanne Noutsias, Michel Pilowski, Claudia Dutzmann, Jochen Sedding, Daniel Hüttelmaier, Stefan Umezawa, Kazuo Werdan, Karl Loppnow, Harald The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation |
title | The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation |
title_full | The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation |
title_fullStr | The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation |
title_full_unstemmed | The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation |
title_short | The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation |
title_sort | differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent rac1 activation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6872739/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31754207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-2109-9 |
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