Single Source Thermal Evaporation of Two-dimensional Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites has been widely studied due to its potential application for high performance perovskite solar cells. Understanding the relationship between microstructural and opto-electronic properties is very important for fabricating high-performance 2D perovskite solar cell. In this work, the effect of solvent annealing on grain growth was investigated to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices with 2D perovskite films based on (BA)(2)(MA)(3)Pb(4)I(13) prepared by single-source thermal evaporation. Results show that solvent annealing with the introduction of solvent vapor can effectively enhance the crystallization of the (BA)(2)(MA)(3)Pb(4)I(13) thin films and produce denser, larger-crystal grains. The thin films also display a favorable band gap of 1.896 eV, which benefits for increasing the charge-diffusion lengths. The solvent-annealed (BA)(2)(MA)(3)Pb(4)I(13) thin-film solar cell prepared by single-source thermal evaporation shows an efficiency range of 2.54–4.67%. Thus, the proposed method can be used to prepare efficient large-area 2D perovskite solar cells.