La aplicación del modelo de competencia cultural en la experiencia del cuidado en profesionales de Enfermería de Atención Primaria

OBJECTIVE: To know the experiences and perceptions of nurses in providing care and health promotion, women belonging to groups at risk of social vulnerability, applying the model of cultural competence Purnell. DESIGN: Phenomenological qualitative study. LOCATION: Department of Health Elda. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 primary care professional volunteers. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with recording and content analysis, according to the theory model of cultural competence. RESULTS: Socio-cultural factors influence the relationship between professionals and users of the system. The subtle racism and historical prejudices create uncomfortable situations and mistrust. The language barrier makes it difficult not only communication, but also the monitoring and control of the health-disease process. The physical appearance and stereotypes are determining factors for primary care professionals. Although perceived misuse of health services are also talking about changes. The spiritual aspects of religious beliefs alone are taken into account in the case of Muslim women, not being considered as important in the case of Gypsy women and Romanian women. CONCLUSIONS: To provide quality care, consistent and culturally competent, it is necessary to develop training programs for professionals in cultural competence, to know the culture of other, and work without preconceived ideas, and ethnocentric; since the greater the knowledge of the cultural group being served, the better the quality of care provided.