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The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment

Background: Ganoderma lucidum has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands years to improve health and to promote longevity. One important function of G lucidum is to modulate the immune system. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a...

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Autores principales: Wang, Gan, Wang, Le, Zhou, Jianlong, Xu, Xiaoxin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6876169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31595795
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419880275
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author Wang, Gan
Wang, Le
Zhou, Jianlong
Xu, Xiaoxin
author_facet Wang, Gan
Wang, Le
Zhou, Jianlong
Xu, Xiaoxin
author_sort Wang, Gan
collection PubMed
description Background: Ganoderma lucidum has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands years to improve health and to promote longevity. One important function of G lucidum is to modulate the immune system. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface protein present in certain immune cells (eg, B- and Tcells) and plays an important role in modulating the immune response. The role of PD-1 protein in G lucidum–mediated immunomodulation is unknown. Methods: Cultured human Blymphocytes and extract prepared from G lucidum spores (GLE) were used to determine PD-1 protein in G lucidum–mediated immunomodulation. Both western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy assays were used to determine the effect of GLE treatment on PD-1 protein expression. A reverse transcription-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay was used to determine the effect of GLE on transcription of pdcd-1 gene. Results: Both our western blotting and IF staining results demonstrated great reduction in PD-1 protein and in proportion of PD-1+ cells in these B-lymphocytes. Our real-time PCR results indicated that this PD-1 protein reduction was not caused by a transcriptional inhibition of the gene. In addition, our western blotting study further revealed that the GLE treatment caused an increase in expression of CCL5 chemokine in the cultured B-lymphocytes. Conclusions: PD-1 protein is an important target of G lucidum–mediated immunomodulation. G lucidum and its bioactive compounds can be developed into novel immunomodulators for prevention and treatment of cancer and many other diseases.
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spelling pubmed-68761692019-12-04 The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment Wang, Gan Wang, Le Zhou, Jianlong Xu, Xiaoxin Integr Cancer Ther Research Article Background: Ganoderma lucidum has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands years to improve health and to promote longevity. One important function of G lucidum is to modulate the immune system. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a cell surface protein present in certain immune cells (eg, B- and Tcells) and plays an important role in modulating the immune response. The role of PD-1 protein in G lucidum–mediated immunomodulation is unknown. Methods: Cultured human Blymphocytes and extract prepared from G lucidum spores (GLE) were used to determine PD-1 protein in G lucidum–mediated immunomodulation. Both western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy assays were used to determine the effect of GLE treatment on PD-1 protein expression. A reverse transcription-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay was used to determine the effect of GLE on transcription of pdcd-1 gene. Results: Both our western blotting and IF staining results demonstrated great reduction in PD-1 protein and in proportion of PD-1+ cells in these B-lymphocytes. Our real-time PCR results indicated that this PD-1 protein reduction was not caused by a transcriptional inhibition of the gene. In addition, our western blotting study further revealed that the GLE treatment caused an increase in expression of CCL5 chemokine in the cultured B-lymphocytes. Conclusions: PD-1 protein is an important target of G lucidum–mediated immunomodulation. G lucidum and its bioactive compounds can be developed into novel immunomodulators for prevention and treatment of cancer and many other diseases. SAGE Publications 2019-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6876169/ /pubmed/31595795 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419880275 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Research Article
Wang, Gan
Wang, Le
Zhou, Jianlong
Xu, Xiaoxin
The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment
title The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment
title_full The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment
title_fullStr The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment
title_full_unstemmed The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment
title_short The Possible Role of PD-1 Protein in Ganoderma lucidum–Mediated Immunomodulation and Cancer Treatment
title_sort possible role of pd-1 protein in ganoderma lucidum–mediated immunomodulation and cancer treatment
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6876169/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31595795
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419880275
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