Prevalencia de genotipos del virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo no vacunables dentro del programa de Detección Precoz de Cáncer de Cérvix en Cantabria

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of infection with non-vaccinable high risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LOCATION: Seven randomly selected health centres in Cantabria (Northern Spain). PARTICIPANTS: All women with an evaluable vaginal smear (n = 3,359) between 2010 and 2011. MAIN MEASURES: The variables collected were cytological diagnosis, PCR results, and family planning method. The vaginal smear results were classified with the Bethesda system. The classification by Muñoz et al. was used for typing as oncogenic risk HPV. Proportions and odds ratio (OR) were estimated with corresponding confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV infection was 2.71% (95% CI: 2.15 to 3.27). The prevalence of high oncogenic risk HPV genotypes was 2.26%; (95% CI: 1.75 to 2.78). The most frequent genotype was 16 (28.89%). More than half of the women were positive for one of the non-vaccinable high risk genotypes: 51 (18.89%) and 58 (13.33%) and 68 (12.22%) or 31 (11.11%). At least two non-vaccinable high-risk genotypes co-existed in 23.33% of women. Younger women (≤ 30 years) had twice the risk of any HPV infection: OR 2.01 (95% CI: 1.02 to 3.96); and were twice as likely to use condoms compared to hormonal contraceptives, OR 2.09 (95% CI: 1.64 to 2.67). CONCLUSIONS: According to the high percentage of non-vaccinable high oncogenic risk HPV types, there should be a re-think of the prevention strategy in the population, who may have a false sense of protection.