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How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence
During seed imbibition, lipids are engaged in membrane reorganization while facing free radical-mediated oxidative injury. In the present work, we explored changes in lipid components at different timepoints of imbibition (0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) in the legume Medicago truncatula, by combining bioche...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6881478/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01505 |
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author | Doria, Enrico Pagano, Andrea Ferreri, Carla Larocca, Anna Vita Macovei, Anca Araújo, Susana de Sousa Balestrazzi, Alma |
author_facet | Doria, Enrico Pagano, Andrea Ferreri, Carla Larocca, Anna Vita Macovei, Anca Araújo, Susana de Sousa Balestrazzi, Alma |
author_sort | Doria, Enrico |
collection | PubMed |
description | During seed imbibition, lipids are engaged in membrane reorganization while facing free radical-mediated oxidative injury. In the present work, we explored changes in lipid components at different timepoints of imbibition (0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) in the legume Medicago truncatula, by combining biochemical approaches with targeted lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics. ROS and RNS (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) accumulation was observed throughout the tested timepoints whereas lipid peroxidation increased at 4 h of imbibition. The seed response to oxidative damage was evidenced by a significant increase in tocopherols starting from 0.5 h of imbibition as well as by the reduction in total thiol content occurring at 2 h of imbibition. Since under physiological conditions, the proper functions of the cell membranes are strongly dependent on the qualitative and quantitative balance of fatty acid residues in phospholipids, the investigation was expanded to the fatty acid cohort of M. truncatula seeds. Total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega(ω)-3 and omega(ω)-6 fatty acids showed fluctuations during seed imbibition. The most remarkable finding was the profile of the ω-3 PUFA docosopentaenoic acid (DPA, 7 cis, 10 cis, 13 cis, 16 cis, and 19 cis-22:5) that showed a peak (up to 1.0% of the total fatty acid content) at 0.5 and 8 h of imbibition, concomitant with the peaks observed in tocopherol levels. It is possible that the observed changes in DPA alter the physical properties of membranes, as reported in animal cells, triggering signaling pathways relevant for the cell defense against oxidative injury. Furthermore, the content and balance between tocopherols and PUFAs is regarded as a determinant of storage stability. No enhancement in trans-fatty acids occurred throughout imbibition, suggesting for a proper antioxidant response carried by the seed. Fatty acids profiles were integrated with data from untargeted metabolomics showing changes in lipid sub-pathways, among which fatty acid amide, lyso-phospholipids, and phospholipid metabolism. The emerging lipid profiles and dynamics are discussed in view of the overall imbibition damage generated during M. truncatula seed imbibition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6881478 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68814782019-12-10 How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence Doria, Enrico Pagano, Andrea Ferreri, Carla Larocca, Anna Vita Macovei, Anca Araújo, Susana de Sousa Balestrazzi, Alma Front Plant Sci Plant Science During seed imbibition, lipids are engaged in membrane reorganization while facing free radical-mediated oxidative injury. In the present work, we explored changes in lipid components at different timepoints of imbibition (0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) in the legume Medicago truncatula, by combining biochemical approaches with targeted lipidomics and untargeted metabolomics. ROS and RNS (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) accumulation was observed throughout the tested timepoints whereas lipid peroxidation increased at 4 h of imbibition. The seed response to oxidative damage was evidenced by a significant increase in tocopherols starting from 0.5 h of imbibition as well as by the reduction in total thiol content occurring at 2 h of imbibition. Since under physiological conditions, the proper functions of the cell membranes are strongly dependent on the qualitative and quantitative balance of fatty acid residues in phospholipids, the investigation was expanded to the fatty acid cohort of M. truncatula seeds. Total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega(ω)-3 and omega(ω)-6 fatty acids showed fluctuations during seed imbibition. The most remarkable finding was the profile of the ω-3 PUFA docosopentaenoic acid (DPA, 7 cis, 10 cis, 13 cis, 16 cis, and 19 cis-22:5) that showed a peak (up to 1.0% of the total fatty acid content) at 0.5 and 8 h of imbibition, concomitant with the peaks observed in tocopherol levels. It is possible that the observed changes in DPA alter the physical properties of membranes, as reported in animal cells, triggering signaling pathways relevant for the cell defense against oxidative injury. Furthermore, the content and balance between tocopherols and PUFAs is regarded as a determinant of storage stability. No enhancement in trans-fatty acids occurred throughout imbibition, suggesting for a proper antioxidant response carried by the seed. Fatty acids profiles were integrated with data from untargeted metabolomics showing changes in lipid sub-pathways, among which fatty acid amide, lyso-phospholipids, and phospholipid metabolism. The emerging lipid profiles and dynamics are discussed in view of the overall imbibition damage generated during M. truncatula seed imbibition. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6881478/ /pubmed/31824536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01505 Text en Copyright © 2019 Doria, Pagano, Ferreri, Larocca, Macovei, Araújo and Balestrazzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Doria, Enrico Pagano, Andrea Ferreri, Carla Larocca, Anna Vita Macovei, Anca Araújo, Susana de Sousa Balestrazzi, Alma How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence |
title | How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence |
title_full | How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence |
title_fullStr | How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence |
title_full_unstemmed | How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence |
title_short | How Does the Seed Pre-Germinative Metabolism Fight Against Imbibition Damage? Emerging Roles of Fatty Acid Cohort and Antioxidant Defence |
title_sort | how does the seed pre-germinative metabolism fight against imbibition damage? emerging roles of fatty acid cohort and antioxidant defence |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6881478/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824536 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01505 |
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