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Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts
BACKGROUND: Trade and investment agreements negotiated after the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have included increasingly elevated protection of intellectual property rights along with an expanding array of rules impacting many...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6882307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31775767 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0518-2 |
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author | Gleeson, Deborah Lexchin, Joel Labonté, Ronald Townsend, Belinda Gagnon, Marc-André Kohler, Jillian Forman, Lisa Shadlen, Kenneth C. |
author_facet | Gleeson, Deborah Lexchin, Joel Labonté, Ronald Townsend, Belinda Gagnon, Marc-André Kohler, Jillian Forman, Lisa Shadlen, Kenneth C. |
author_sort | Gleeson, Deborah |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Trade and investment agreements negotiated after the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have included increasingly elevated protection of intellectual property rights along with an expanding array of rules impacting many aspects of pharmaceutical policy. Despite the large body of literature on intellectual property and access to affordable medicines, the ways in which other provisions in trade agreements can affect pharmaceutical policy and, in turn, access to medicines have been little studied. There is a need for an analytical framework covering the full range of provisions, pathways, and potential impacts, on which to base future health and human rights impact assessment and research. A framework exploring the ways in which trade and investment agreements may affect pharmaceutical policy was developed, based on an analysis of four recently negotiated regional trade agreements. First a set of core pharmaceutical policy objectives based on international consensus was identified. A systematic comparative analysis of the publicly available legal texts of the four agreements was undertaken, and the potential impacts of the provisions in these agreements on the core pharmaceutical policy objectives were traced through an analysis of possible pathways. RESULTS: An analytical framework is presented, linking ten types of provisions in the four trade agreements to potential impacts on four core pharmaceutical policy objectives (access and affordability; safety, efficacy, and quality; rational use of medicines; and local production capacity and health security) via various pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The analytical framework highlights provisions in trade and investment agreements that need to be examined, pathways that should be explored, and potential impacts that should be taken into consideration with respect to pharmaceutical policy. This may serve as a useful checklist or template for health and human rights impact assessments and research on the implications of trade agreements for pharmaceuticals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6882307 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68823072019-12-03 Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts Gleeson, Deborah Lexchin, Joel Labonté, Ronald Townsend, Belinda Gagnon, Marc-André Kohler, Jillian Forman, Lisa Shadlen, Kenneth C. Global Health Research BACKGROUND: Trade and investment agreements negotiated after the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) have included increasingly elevated protection of intellectual property rights along with an expanding array of rules impacting many aspects of pharmaceutical policy. Despite the large body of literature on intellectual property and access to affordable medicines, the ways in which other provisions in trade agreements can affect pharmaceutical policy and, in turn, access to medicines have been little studied. There is a need for an analytical framework covering the full range of provisions, pathways, and potential impacts, on which to base future health and human rights impact assessment and research. A framework exploring the ways in which trade and investment agreements may affect pharmaceutical policy was developed, based on an analysis of four recently negotiated regional trade agreements. First a set of core pharmaceutical policy objectives based on international consensus was identified. A systematic comparative analysis of the publicly available legal texts of the four agreements was undertaken, and the potential impacts of the provisions in these agreements on the core pharmaceutical policy objectives were traced through an analysis of possible pathways. RESULTS: An analytical framework is presented, linking ten types of provisions in the four trade agreements to potential impacts on four core pharmaceutical policy objectives (access and affordability; safety, efficacy, and quality; rational use of medicines; and local production capacity and health security) via various pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The analytical framework highlights provisions in trade and investment agreements that need to be examined, pathways that should be explored, and potential impacts that should be taken into consideration with respect to pharmaceutical policy. This may serve as a useful checklist or template for health and human rights impact assessments and research on the implications of trade agreements for pharmaceuticals. BioMed Central 2019-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6882307/ /pubmed/31775767 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0518-2 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Gleeson, Deborah Lexchin, Joel Labonté, Ronald Townsend, Belinda Gagnon, Marc-André Kohler, Jillian Forman, Lisa Shadlen, Kenneth C. Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
title | Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
title_full | Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
title_fullStr | Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
title_short | Analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
title_sort | analyzing the impact of trade and investment agreements on pharmaceutical policy: provisions, pathways and potential impacts |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6882307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31775767 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0518-2 |
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