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Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial
Overweight and obesity are epidemic conditions. Obesity is associated with somatic and psychological sequelae, including serious life-shortening disorders (e.g., diabetes). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (i.e., imaginal r...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31780640 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0655-7 |
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author | Moritz, Steffen Göritz, Anja S. Schmotz, Stella Weierstall-Pust, Roland Gehlenborg, Josefine Gallinat, Jürgen Kühn, Simone |
author_facet | Moritz, Steffen Göritz, Anja S. Schmotz, Stella Weierstall-Pust, Roland Gehlenborg, Josefine Gallinat, Jürgen Kühn, Simone |
author_sort | Moritz, Steffen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Overweight and obesity are epidemic conditions. Obesity is associated with somatic and psychological sequelae, including serious life-shortening disorders (e.g., diabetes). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (i.e., imaginal retraining) for the reduction of craving for high-calorie food. In a randomized controlled trial, 384 women with a body mass index above 25 were allocated to a wait-list control group or to two variants of imaginal retraining (ratio: 1; 0.5; 0.5). The two intervention groups were sent a manual on imaginal retraining. One group was explicitly encouraged and instructed to use electronic reminders (R(ER)); the standard retraining group (R(S)) was not encouraged to use electronic reminders. Assessments were 6 weeks apart and were carried out online. Craving for high-calorie food represented the primary outcome (based on the Visual Analog Scale, VAS). Secondary outcomes included the Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ-T-R). The study was registered as DRKS00017220. Women in the R(ER) group utilized the retraining technique more often than those in the R(S) condition, and utilization frequency in turn was associated with improvement on craving and eating behavior scales. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed a favorable effect of the R(ER) group, which achieved significance on the primary outcome, as well as on several other outcomes relative to controls at a small to medium effect size. For those participants who measured their weight before and after the assessment using a scale, weight loss in the R(ER) group was significantly greater compared to the control group. Both retraining groups (R(ER): 39.4%; R(S): 31.1%) reduced their subjective amount of eating relative to controls (24.2%). Approximately two-thirds of the sample (68.3%) performed the exercises at least once during the study period. The present results show that, when used regularly, imaginal retraining may reduce craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women. Of note, there was also evidence suggestive of weight reduction, although no diet or lifestyle change was recommended in the manual. Because a large subgroup neither read the manual nor performed the exercises, we recommend that future imaginal retraining be conveyed via short video clips. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6883071 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68830712019-12-06 Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial Moritz, Steffen Göritz, Anja S. Schmotz, Stella Weierstall-Pust, Roland Gehlenborg, Josefine Gallinat, Jürgen Kühn, Simone Transl Psychiatry Article Overweight and obesity are epidemic conditions. Obesity is associated with somatic and psychological sequelae, including serious life-shortening disorders (e.g., diabetes). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (i.e., imaginal retraining) for the reduction of craving for high-calorie food. In a randomized controlled trial, 384 women with a body mass index above 25 were allocated to a wait-list control group or to two variants of imaginal retraining (ratio: 1; 0.5; 0.5). The two intervention groups were sent a manual on imaginal retraining. One group was explicitly encouraged and instructed to use electronic reminders (R(ER)); the standard retraining group (R(S)) was not encouraged to use electronic reminders. Assessments were 6 weeks apart and were carried out online. Craving for high-calorie food represented the primary outcome (based on the Visual Analog Scale, VAS). Secondary outcomes included the Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ-T-R). The study was registered as DRKS00017220. Women in the R(ER) group utilized the retraining technique more often than those in the R(S) condition, and utilization frequency in turn was associated with improvement on craving and eating behavior scales. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed a favorable effect of the R(ER) group, which achieved significance on the primary outcome, as well as on several other outcomes relative to controls at a small to medium effect size. For those participants who measured their weight before and after the assessment using a scale, weight loss in the R(ER) group was significantly greater compared to the control group. Both retraining groups (R(ER): 39.4%; R(S): 31.1%) reduced their subjective amount of eating relative to controls (24.2%). Approximately two-thirds of the sample (68.3%) performed the exercises at least once during the study period. The present results show that, when used regularly, imaginal retraining may reduce craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women. Of note, there was also evidence suggestive of weight reduction, although no diet or lifestyle change was recommended in the manual. Because a large subgroup neither read the manual nor performed the exercises, we recommend that future imaginal retraining be conveyed via short video clips. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6883071/ /pubmed/31780640 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0655-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Moritz, Steffen Göritz, Anja S. Schmotz, Stella Weierstall-Pust, Roland Gehlenborg, Josefine Gallinat, Jürgen Kühn, Simone Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial |
title | Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial |
title_full | Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial |
title_fullStr | Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial |
title_full_unstemmed | Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial |
title_short | Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial |
title_sort | imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31780640 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0655-7 |
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