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Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep

BACKGROUND: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a midge borne virus of cattle and sheep. Infection is typically asymptomatic in adult sheep but fetal infection during pregnancy can result in abortion, stillbirth, neurological disorders and malformations of variable severity in newborn animals. It was first...

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Autores principales: Jones, Scott, Eden, Laura, McKay, Heather, Bollard, Nicola, Dunham, Stephen, Davies, Peers, Tarlinton, Rachael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31779623
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2139-7
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author Jones, Scott
Eden, Laura
McKay, Heather
Bollard, Nicola
Dunham, Stephen
Davies, Peers
Tarlinton, Rachael
author_facet Jones, Scott
Eden, Laura
McKay, Heather
Bollard, Nicola
Dunham, Stephen
Davies, Peers
Tarlinton, Rachael
author_sort Jones, Scott
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a midge borne virus of cattle and sheep. Infection is typically asymptomatic in adult sheep but fetal infection during pregnancy can result in abortion, stillbirth, neurological disorders and malformations of variable severity in newborn animals. It was first identified in Germany and the Netherlands in 2011 and then circulated throughout Europe in 2012 and 2013. Circulation in subsequent years was low or non-existent until summer and autumn 2016, leading to an increased incidence of deformed newborn lambs and calves in 2016–17. This study reports SBV circulation in October 2016 within a group of 24 ewes and 13 rams. The ewes were monitored at 3 times points over an 11 week period (September to December 2016). RESULTS: Most ewes displayed an increase in SBV VNT with antibody titre increases greater in older, previously exposed ewes. Two ewes had SBV RNA detectable by RT-qPCR, one on 30/09/16 and one on 04/11/16. Of these ewes, one had detectable serum SBV RNA (indicating viraemia) despite pre-existing antibody. The rams had been previously vaccinated with a commercial inactivated SBV vaccine, they showed minimal neutralising antibody titres against SBV 8 months post-vaccination and all displayed increased titre in October 2016. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that SBV circulated for a minimum period of 5 weeks in September to October 2016 in central England. Ewes previously exposed to virus showed an enhanced antibody response compared to naïve animals. Pre-existing antibody titre did not prevent re-infection in at least one animal, implying immunity to SBV upon natural exposure may not be life-long. In addition, data suggests that immunity provided by killed adjuvanted SBV vaccines only provides short term protection (< 8 months) from virus.
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spelling pubmed-68836752019-12-03 Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep Jones, Scott Eden, Laura McKay, Heather Bollard, Nicola Dunham, Stephen Davies, Peers Tarlinton, Rachael BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a midge borne virus of cattle and sheep. Infection is typically asymptomatic in adult sheep but fetal infection during pregnancy can result in abortion, stillbirth, neurological disorders and malformations of variable severity in newborn animals. It was first identified in Germany and the Netherlands in 2011 and then circulated throughout Europe in 2012 and 2013. Circulation in subsequent years was low or non-existent until summer and autumn 2016, leading to an increased incidence of deformed newborn lambs and calves in 2016–17. This study reports SBV circulation in October 2016 within a group of 24 ewes and 13 rams. The ewes were monitored at 3 times points over an 11 week period (September to December 2016). RESULTS: Most ewes displayed an increase in SBV VNT with antibody titre increases greater in older, previously exposed ewes. Two ewes had SBV RNA detectable by RT-qPCR, one on 30/09/16 and one on 04/11/16. Of these ewes, one had detectable serum SBV RNA (indicating viraemia) despite pre-existing antibody. The rams had been previously vaccinated with a commercial inactivated SBV vaccine, they showed minimal neutralising antibody titres against SBV 8 months post-vaccination and all displayed increased titre in October 2016. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that SBV circulated for a minimum period of 5 weeks in September to October 2016 in central England. Ewes previously exposed to virus showed an enhanced antibody response compared to naïve animals. Pre-existing antibody titre did not prevent re-infection in at least one animal, implying immunity to SBV upon natural exposure may not be life-long. In addition, data suggests that immunity provided by killed adjuvanted SBV vaccines only provides short term protection (< 8 months) from virus. BioMed Central 2019-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6883675/ /pubmed/31779623 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2139-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Jones, Scott
Eden, Laura
McKay, Heather
Bollard, Nicola
Dunham, Stephen
Davies, Peers
Tarlinton, Rachael
Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
title Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
title_full Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
title_fullStr Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
title_full_unstemmed Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
title_short Schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
title_sort schmallenberg virus neutralising antibody responses in sheep
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31779623
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2139-7
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