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Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile
Background and Objective: Bladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system, with a higher incidence in men than in women and a high recurrence rate. However, the mechanism of recurrence is still unclear, and it is urgent to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of bladder cancer. To...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01187 |
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author | Luo, Yongxiang Zeng, Guohua Wu, Song |
author_facet | Luo, Yongxiang Zeng, Guohua Wu, Song |
author_sort | Luo, Yongxiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background and Objective: Bladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system, with a higher incidence in men than in women and a high recurrence rate. However, the mechanism of recurrence is still unclear, and it is urgent to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of bladder cancer. To provide theoretical basis for the development of new therapies, investigating the effect of tumor microenvironment on the prognosis of bladder cancer is necessary. Methods: We applied the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm to the downloaded TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) transcriptome data to obtain the immune scores and stromal scores of each sample, and then divided the samples into two groups: high and low immune scores (or high and low stromal scores), and found that some differential genes were associated with poor prognosis of patients. We then performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore the relationship between these differentially expressed genes. Moreover, we also performed (Gene Ontology) GO and (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) KEGG analyses to explore the potential functions of differentially expressed genes. Finally, our results were validated in an independent dataset. Results: We identified 136 tumor microenvironment-related genes associated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer. GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that these genes are mainly involved in extracellular matrix, Focal adhesion and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinaseB (PI3k-Akt) signaling pathway. Next, PPI network analysis revealed some hub genes including Versican (VCAN), Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and Thrombospondin 1 (THBS2). Finally, 27 genes were further verified in the independent data set. Conclusions: We found 27 tumor microenvironment-related genes of bladder cancer, which are associated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer. These genes may inspire researchers to develop new treatments for bladder cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6883806 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-68838062019-12-10 Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile Luo, Yongxiang Zeng, Guohua Wu, Song Front Genet Genetics Background and Objective: Bladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system, with a higher incidence in men than in women and a high recurrence rate. However, the mechanism of recurrence is still unclear, and it is urgent to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of bladder cancer. To provide theoretical basis for the development of new therapies, investigating the effect of tumor microenvironment on the prognosis of bladder cancer is necessary. Methods: We applied the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm to the downloaded TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) transcriptome data to obtain the immune scores and stromal scores of each sample, and then divided the samples into two groups: high and low immune scores (or high and low stromal scores), and found that some differential genes were associated with poor prognosis of patients. We then performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore the relationship between these differentially expressed genes. Moreover, we also performed (Gene Ontology) GO and (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) KEGG analyses to explore the potential functions of differentially expressed genes. Finally, our results were validated in an independent dataset. Results: We identified 136 tumor microenvironment-related genes associated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer. GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that these genes are mainly involved in extracellular matrix, Focal adhesion and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinaseB (PI3k-Akt) signaling pathway. Next, PPI network analysis revealed some hub genes including Versican (VCAN), Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and Thrombospondin 1 (THBS2). Finally, 27 genes were further verified in the independent data set. Conclusions: We found 27 tumor microenvironment-related genes of bladder cancer, which are associated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer. These genes may inspire researchers to develop new treatments for bladder cancer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6883806/ /pubmed/31824575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01187 Text en Copyright © 2019 Luo, Zeng and Wu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Luo, Yongxiang Zeng, Guohua Wu, Song Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile |
title | Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile |
title_full | Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile |
title_fullStr | Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile |
title_short | Identification of Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Genes in Bladder Cancer Based on Gene Expression Profile |
title_sort | identification of microenvironment-related prognostic genes in bladder cancer based on gene expression profile |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01187 |
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